Hybridization- crossing different traits to bring the best of organisms into one. For example crossing disease resistance of one plant with the food-producing capacity of another to produce a superior plant. 3)Cloning is the process of taking a single cell from an adult organism to recreate another genetically identical organism. 4)DNA fingerprinting is developed by molecular biology; it analyzes unique sections made up of a variety of DNA band. DNA fingerprinting is a powerful and crucial tool that can determine a person’s identity.
There are many molecules within cells and organisms that must have complimentary shapes that fit together in order for them to carry out their function. One type of molecule for which this is extremely important is enzymes. There are two models that demonstrate how this may work, the first of which is the lock and key model in which the substrate and enzyme binding site have complimentary shapes so that the substrate or subtrates fit perfectly into the enzyme, which joins or separates them. The second model, the induced fit model, is similar, however the enzyme moulds its shape to match the substrate. There are many processes in which it is important that these shapes fit, for example DNA helicase, RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase must all have the correct shape in order for DNA strands to separate, mRNA to form and DNA to then rejoin during polypeptide synthesis.
INDEX * 1 Statistical Analysis * Working with data * 2 Cell Theory * Cell theory * Prokaryotic cells * Eukaryotic cells * Membranes * Cell division * 3 The Chemistry of Life * Chemical elements & H2O * Carbs, lipids & proteins * DNA structure * DNA replication * Transcript & Translation * Enzymes * Cell respiration * Photosynthesis * 4 Genetics * Chromosomes, genes... * Meiosis * Theoretical genetics * Genetic engineering * 5 Ecology and Evolution * Communities & ecosystems * The greenhouse effect * Populations * Evolution
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His findings with sex chromosomes and about males being XY and females being XX allow us to learn about so many things. He made it possible to discover, understand and learn about sex-linked traits and sex-linked abnormalities. Not only this but the books he has written, like An Introduction to General Biology, The Embryology of the Earthworm, Atlas of Fertilization and Karyokinesis, and The Cell in Development and Inheritance, can help us expand our knowledge of the things he has studied. Luckily for us, Wilson made many contributions that help further study of DNA. Perhaps because of his studies, one day we may be able to expand much further on his ideas and make even more discoveries to help us in the
He is the first scientist to record precise descriptions of fungi, protozoa, and bacteria (“Microbiology’s”). Louis Pasteur postulated the germ theory of disease which states “microorganisms are the causes of infectious disease. While Pasteur could not prove his theory, another scientist by the name of Robert Koch was able to. Procedures known as “Koch’s postulates” are principles that link microorganisms to specific diseases. The “Golden age” of microbiology occurred in the late 1800’s, this is when many infectious diseases were identified (cliffsnotes.com).
Retrieved from Wired News: https://www.wired.com/2013/03/biomimetic-materials/ Evans-Pughe, C. (2014, Feb 10). biomimicry the next engineering revolution. Retrieved from Engineering and technology Organization: https://eandt.theiet.org/content/articles/2014/02/biomimicry-the-next-engineering-revolution/ Interface, J. R. (2007, Aug 22). Biomimetic materials research what can we really learn from nature's structural materials. Retrieved from US National Library of Medicine: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2373394/ Lawrence, A. R. (2001).
This pro-infection role of the microbiota has been demonstrated in many cases of enteric infection. For instance, poliovirus relies on the microbiota for efficient replication, mainly through binding to microbial products such as LPS. Similarly, the retrovirus mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) can bind to bacterial LPS, triggering TLR4 and subsequent induction of the inhibitory cytokine IL-10 and inducing an immune evasion pathway.143 In these studies, the elements accounting for efficient pathogen transmission are highly represented microbial products, which illustrates the fact that viruses and perhaps other pathogens have evolved to bypass commensal bacteria population shifts by thriving on ubiquitous microbial