Philosophers Have Identified Two Different Ways in Which We May Attribute Emotional and Mental States to Others: Theory Theory (Tt) and Simulation Theory (St). Describe the Characteristics of These Two Theories,

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Philosophers have identified two different ways in which we may attribute emotional and mental states to others: Theory Theory (TT) and Simulation Theory (ST). Describe the characteristics of these two theories, indicate what their strong and weak points are, and explain what the relevance of each may be for an understanding of the social deficits in autism. Theory theory (TT) and simulation theory (ST) have been identified by philosophers as two different ways in which we may attribute emotional and mental states to others. TT is often named a folk psychology theory (Churchland, 1990) and defined as being useful in the demands of everyday life as it is carried out without realisation. Churchland (1991) defines two classes for TT; the first he suggests should be named fully intentional concepts, which allows an individual to understand the expression of different personal beliefs and decisions. The second class is purported to be a non/quasi intentional concepts, which allows an individual to understand all other mental states such as grief, pain and fear. TT is thought to enable a form of mindreading whereby one can presume information about the current cognitive state of another in order to predict their future behaviours (Churchland, 1991). If this is the case, the question of where TT stems from should be imperative. One school of thought is that we learn to theorise through implicit teaching, observing others (Gopnik & Wellman, 2012) and the closeness of living together (Davies & Stone, 1995). This is exemplified through Wimmer and Perner’s (1983) Maxi story. In the story, Maxi has placed some chocolate in a kitchen cupboard and leaves the room. While Maxi is away, a second character moves the chocolate to another cupboard and leaves. Upon Maxi’s return the child is asked where Maxi will look for the chocolate – the correct answer being where he left

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