Participant Observation Essay

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Research Methods Participant Observation: Overview Participant Observation Some research methods (such as questionnaires) stress the importance of the researcher not becoming "personally involved" with the respondent, in the sense of the researcher maintaining both a personal and a social distance between themselves and the people they are researching. Participant observation, however, is sometimes called a form of subjective sociology, not because the researcher aims to impose their beliefs on the respondent (this would simply produce invalid data), but because the aim is to understand the social world from the subject's point-of-view. This method involves the researcher "getting to know" the people they're studying by entering their world and participating - either openly or secretly - in that world. This means you put yourself "in the shoes" of the people you're studying in an attempt to experience events in the way they experience them. Social Distance The technical term for this social distance is objectivity - the ability to remain detached, aloof or personally separate from the people you are researching. There are a couple of important dimensions to objectivity (namely, personal and methodological) but for the moment we can consider it as involving the ability to avoid: The intrusion of our personal beliefs (or values) into the research process. Influencing the way respondents reply to our questions or behaviour. Subjective Sociology This, in some ways, is similar to the aim in an unfocused interview. However, a new dimension is added to the research process by the ability to "see for yourself" the behaviour that people describe in an interview or questionnaire. The distinction is perhaps initially confusing, but it will become clearer in a moment. Empathy This is called empathy - the ability, as human beings, to "see ourselves as we think other people
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