Paleolithic Migrations: Ancient Hellenistic Civilization

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Ch 1: Key Terms AUSTRONESIAN MIGRATIONS: THE LAST PHASE OF THE GREAT HUMAN MIGRATION THAT ESTABLISHED A HUMAN PRESENCE IN EVERY HABITABLE REGION OF THE EARTH. AUSTRONESIAN-SPEAKING PEOPLE SETTLED THE PACIFIC ISLANDS AND MADAGASCAR IN A SERIES OF SEABORNE MIGRATIONS THAT BEGAN AROUND 3,500 YEARS AGO. (PRON. AWS-TROE-NEEZH-AN) Brotherhood of the Tomol: A prestigious craft guild that monopolized the building and ownership of large oceangoing canoes, or tomols (pron. toe-mole), among the Chumash people (located in what is now southern California). Chumash culture: Paleolithic culture of southern California that survived until the modern era. Clovis culture: The earliest widespread and distinctive culture of North America; named from the Clovis…show more content…
What is the significance of the Paleolithic era in world history? • During the Paleolithic era, humans created a way of life that sustained humankind over 95 percent of the time that our species has inhabited the earth, and that was not challenged by alternatives until 10,000 to 12,000 years ago. • Paleolithic humans spread across the globe successfully, settling almost every habitable region on the planet. • Paleolithic humans began reflection on the great questions of life and death. • The changes that Paleolithic humans wrought provided the foundation on which all subsequent human history was constructed. 2. In what ways did various Paleolithic societies differ from one another, and how did they change over time? • While all Paleolithic humans shared a lifestyle of gathering and hunting, different variations in their environments and their different food supplies did create differences among groups that became increasingly pronounced as humankind spread across the globe. For instance, the spread of humankind into the Pacific islands required the development of seaworthy canoe technologies that other Paleolithic groups did not develop, and the cold and lack of caves in parts of Eastern Europe spurred the development of multilayered clothing and partially underground dwellings constructed from the bones and tusks of…show more content…
In what ways, and why, did Chumash culture differ from that of the San? • The San are representative of a seminomadic gathering and hunting society; the Chumash are more representative of the later, post–Ice Age Paleolithic peoples who settled in permanent villages and constructed more complex gathering and hunting societies. • The Chumash experienced remarkable technological innovation that led to the creation of a planked oceangoing canoe some twenty to thirty feet long; the San maintained only stone-age technologies. • Knowing how to construct or possessing an oceangoing canoe brought wealth and power into Chumash society and with it greater social inequality than found in San society. • The canoes also stimulated trade on a scale unseen in San society. • The material life of the Chumash was far more elaborate than that of the San. The Chumash lived in permanent, substantial houses and possessed soapstone bowls, wooden plates, and reed baskets, among other items. These items reflected a pattern of technological innovation far beyond that of the San. • The Chumash developed a market economy and the private ownership of many goods, unlike the San system of exchange, which was more about the establishment of relationships than the accumulation of goods. As part of this evolution, the Chumash developed a bead-based currency without parallel in San
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