Unit 4222-366 (DEM 302) Outcome 1 1. Describe how cognitive, functional and emotional changes associated with dementia can affect eating, drinking and nutrition. Firstly I will look at cognitive in reference to eating, drinking and nutrition. Some people with dementia can suffer from clinical depression and this would be a cognitive change, as an affect of depression the appetite of an individual will be affected and this may lead to someone having a small or no appetite and under eating this may lead to malnutrition and dehydration, or someone having an increase appetite which will cause over eating and may lead to someone gaining weight or becoming obese which carries many health conditions. Secondly, functional changes that may occur with someone with dementia is that they may have had a stroke or have weakness in using limbs which would affect them using utensils such as a knife and fork for instance not having the strength to lift the fork to their mouth.
Velychko 1 How We Eat Overeating habits that people have can cause health problems. Obesity can be a medical or a psychological problem and it’s one of the major problems that people have. People can have these habits of overeating because of many reasons. Both readings, “The Wage of Sin” by Francine Prose and “In Gorging, Truth”, by Jason Fagone argue about reasons of overeating. People are obese because of society that surrounds them.
"The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV -TR defines anorexia nervosa using the following criteria, including a refusal to maintain body weight above 15% below that which is expected, an extreme fear of weight gain, despite being significantly underweight, a disturbance in body image such as feeling fat, even though the individual is underweight, and in females amenorrhea for at least three consecutive menstrual cycles". (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). What role do psychological and social factors play in the cause of anorexia nervosa? Individuals suffering from anorexia find it difficult to achieve self-esteem, asserting control and establishing a sense of identity ( Bruch, 1973). The anorexic's development becomes arrested, with their main focus of identity being focused on size and weight, which ultimately leads their life functions to diminish, with the prime focus of the anorexic being less focused on relationships and self-care (Bruch, 1973).
2. Explain how poor nutrition can contribute to an individual’s experience of dementia. Poor nutrition can make the symptoms of dementia worse, increase risk of more frequent infections requiring use of antibiotics. Malnutrition also affects immune system making it difficult to fight an infection. Effects of poor nutrition:- • Higher risk of infection • Reduced wound healing • Dermatological problems • Constipation • Disturbed sleeping pattern • Weight loss/gain Dementia can greatly affect a person's relationship to food and eating.
“Restrictive Type” represents individuals who lose weight primarily by reducing their overall food intake through dieting, fasting, and/ or exercising excessively. “Binge- Eating/ Purging Type” refers to those who binge (consuming a large amount of food in a short period of time) and purges through self- induced vomiting, excessive exercise, abusing diuretics and/ or laxatives, fasting or a combination of any of these methods (Ostroff, 1999). By defining the difference between the two types of Anorexia, it has cleared up a lot of confusion of diagnosing individuals who meet all of the criteria for Anorexia, yet also engages in binging and purging, which is typically Bulimic behavior. Anorexics are often branded as vain, appearance- obsessed people who do not know when to quit dieting. However, Anorexia is not about beauty at all; it is a complex problem with deep roots that begins as an innocent, creative way of coping with difficult circumstances (Ostroff,
It is in the spirit of theses questions that this paper was written. These questions refer to what is known as eating disorders. Eating disorders involve serious instabilities in eating behavior. This can mean an unhealthy reduction of food intake or extreme over eating.
A2 Psychology Unit 3 Eating Behaviour: Psychological Explanations Of One Eating Disorder - Anorexia Nervosa Notes What You Need To Know: Psychological Explanations Of One Eating Disorder - Anorexia Nervosa Anorexia Nervosa: What is it? • Refusal to maintain minimum normal weight and fear of weight gain. • Deliberate weight-loss and a weight of 15% or more below normal. • Disturbance in perception of own body shape, leading to an insistence that the person is overweight. • It is often co-morbid with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and/or depression.
Failure to do so results in their immune system producing antibodies which attacks the lining of their bowel causing them to have abdominal pains, constipation/diarrhoea, bloating, difficulty in gaining weight in childhood or maintaining weight in adulthood and anaemia. Because it affects the way their body can absorb nutrients it can also lead to osteoporosis and increase their risk of bowel cancer. Some foods can be bought that are labelled ‘gluten free’ but tend to be more expensive. • Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is the term used to describe a condition when on inspection of the bowel everything seems normal, but the person suffers with symptoms like abdominal pain, flatulence, bloating and constipation/diarrhoea. The person may want to keep a food diary to help discover which foods make their condition worse and avoid them in the future.
Introduction Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are the two main eating disorders. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are similar in that there is an inaccurate perception of body weight, size or shape and/or marked over-concern about body weight, size or shape. However, there are differences. Anorexia nervosa is characterized by voluntary maintenance of unhealthy low weight (less than 85% of expected), cessation of menstrual periods for at least three cycles (amenorrhea), and an intense fear of weight gain or becoming fat. On the other hand, bulimia nervosa is characterized by inappropriate weight reducing behavior (vomiting, laxative or diuretic abuse, excessive exercise, fasting) at least twice a week and large uncontrolled binge eating at least twice a week.
Over time, hunger slows physical and mental development in children and leaves them more vulnerable to illness and disease. For example, respiratory and diarrhea infections are common in undernourished children, and even diseases of vitamin A deficiency, which can cause blindness, anemia, caused by iron deficiency and goiter due to iodine deficiency. Undernourished adults lose weight, are progressively weakened, and become apathetic, less creative and imaginative, and more irritable. Although acute hunger or famine receives more attention from the world’s news media, it should be remembered that the great majority of hunger deaths come not from starvation but from nutrition-related sicknesses and diseases. Hunger, malnutrition and under nutrition are all terms used to describe aspects of this problem.