Trimyristin is found naturally in many vegetable fats and oils. Trimyristin is a white to yellowish-gray solid that is insoluble in water, but soluble in ethanol, benzene, cloroform, dichloromethane, and ether. It is a saturated fat which is the triglyceride of myristic acid. The purpose of this lab was to extract the fat trimyristin from the spice nutmeg by use of organic solvent, methylene chloride. Nutmeg comes from an East Indian tree.
Limonene is a chiral molecule with two optical isomers (enantiomers). The major biological form d-limonene, the (R)-enantiomer, is used in food manufacture and medicines. It is also used as a fragrance in cleaning products, a botanical insecticide, and due to its flammability, a potential biofuel. The citrus essential oil is mixture of volatile compound and mainly consisted of monoterpene hydrocarbon. The method to separate substances based on differences in their boiling temperature (volatile) is distillation.
Reaction Scheme [pic] Although sulfanilic acid is insoluble in acid solutions, it is nevertheless necessary to carry out the diazotization reaction in an acid (HNO2) solution. This problem can be avoided by precipitating sulfanilic acid from a solution in which it is initially soluble. The precipitate is a fine suspension and reacts instantly with nitrous acid. The first step is to dissolve sulfanillic acid in basic solution. When the solution is acidified during diazotization to form nitrous acid, the sulfanilic acid is precipitated out of solution as a finely divided solid, which is immediately diazotized.
| CALIBER DEICERS | BEET JUICE | GENERAL PROPERTIES1 | Carbohydrate Source | Corn – Ethanol Production | Sugar beet – Food products and additives | Level of Refinement | Highly Refined | Not Refined | Colour | Clear | Brown | Odor | No Odor | Strong Odor | PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS 1 | Active Chloride* | 27% Magnesium Chloride | ~5-10% Naturally occurring Sodium Chloride | Eutectic Point (oC)* | -65oC | -32oC | Residual Effect* | Significant (Large amount of Magnesium Chloride) | Minor (Contains very little Magnesium/Calcium Chloride) | ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS1 | Heavy Metals | Meets PNS Specifications | High in Zinc | Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)* | 59,500 ppm | 274,500 ppm | Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)* | 92,000 ppm | 520,000 ppm | Corrosion* | 24.9% | 26.3% | *Caliber blends are always sold as finished blends; the performance characteristics shown are of Caliber-M1000. Beet Juice is sold as a concentrate as well as in various blends with sodium chloride; the performance characteristics outlined are that of the concentrate.1 General Properties: The carbohydrate sourced in the production of Caliber Deicers is a by-product of ethanol production (corn based)2. This by-product is then further refined to remove any particulate matter and the result is clear odorless corn syrup (referred to as Caliber)2. Beet juice is the by-product in the production molasses for sugar beets.3 The by-product is generally not processed further (depends on manufacturer) and commonly contains minute particles dispersed through-out liquid. As a result, beet juice based blends have a greater tendency to clog filters vs. caliber based blends.1 Performance Characteristics: Caliber possesses a significantly better eutectic point than that of beet juice.
This wide melting range also indicated impurities. Discussion: The procedure used to isolate the caffeine from a tea bag is very particular. The first step is to submerge the tea bag in hot water, much like when making tea to drink. This separates the soluble fraction from the insoluble cellulose, non-hydrolyzable, and tannins. This step is slightly different from brewing tea because only 10 mL of water is used.
Yeast can metabolize sugar in two ways, aerobically, with the aid of oxygen or anaerobically without oxygen. The net equation for more than two dozen steps involved in the aerobic respiration of glucose is: C6H12O6 (aq) + 6O2 --> 6H2O (g) + energy (36-38 ATP + Heat) But when yeast ferment sugars anaerobically, CO2 production will cause a change in the pressure of a closed test tube system, since no oxygen is being consumed. We can monitor this pressure as an indication of the rate of anaerobic respiration & metabolic activity of the organism. A gas pressure sensor will be used to monitor the fermentation of the sugar. The net equation for the ten steps involved in anaerobic respiration of glucose is: C6H12O6 (aq) --> 2CH3CH2OH (aq) + 2CO2 (g) + energy (2 ATP + Heat) Both alcoholic fermentation and aerobic respiration are multi-step processes that involve the transfer of energy stored in the chemical bonds of a metabolite (usually glucose) to bonds in ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate).
Sorva and jelutong are natural gum bases. Other ingredients include sweeteners, softeners, and flavorings. “The flavor ingredients in chewing gums give them a long lasting, high intensity and high quality flavor” (Polanki 1). In order to have the taste in your gum, you need flavorings to give the taste. “To keep the chewing gum soft and flexible,
Formal Lab Report Standardization of KMnO4 Abstract: Potassium permanganate, KMnO4, is a strong oxidizing agent. Permanganate, MnO4, is an intense dark purple color. Reduction of purple permanganate ion to the colorless Mn2+ ion, the solution will turn from dark purple to a faint pink color at the equivalence point. No additional indicator is needed for this titration. The reduction of permanganate requires strong acidic conditions.
Clove oil Cloves are dried flower buds collected from the tree Syzygium aromaticum which is native to Indonesia. Cloves are used as a spice in many cuisines. Steam distillation of cloves yields oil which is composed of eugenol, acetyl eugenol and β-caryophellene. The typical spicy fragrance of cloves is mainly due to eugenol. Eugenol is an oily substance which is only slightly soluble in water and is soluble in organic solvents.
The Orange Juice which was predicted to have the lowest loss of Vitamin C had a difference of 15.64mg/100ml which was less than the other squeezed juices. This proves that Orange Juice as a citrus has a stronger preservation over other fruits. Introduction Vitamin C, also known as L-ascorbic acid (derived from the Latin input of ‘a’ meaning no and ‘scorbutus’ meaning scurvy), is an essential antioxidant for human nutrition. Vitamin C transfers its own electrons to other molecules to prevent the production of free radicals. Radicals are capable of chemical reactions with our nucleic acids, proteins and lipids which could create a chain reaction which would damage cell.