The Monroe Doctrine, a policy of the United States introduced on December 2, 1823, expressed the idea, among other important foreign policy objectives, that new countries should be allowed to develop without interference from stronger nations. It stated that future efforts by European nations to colonize land or interfere with states in North or South America would be viewed as acts of aggression (USDS Basic Readings). Some of the major events that caused President James Monroe and his secretary of state, John Quincy Adams to develop this Doctrine concerned South American countries and their newly achieved independence. „The end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 marked the breakup of the Spanish empire in the New World. Between 1815 and 1822 Jose de San Martin led Argentina to independence, while Bernardo O'Higgins in Chile and Simon Bolivar in Venezuela guided their countries out of colonialism.
The root of this decision lies in the pirate activity of the four African Barbary states (Document D). When Tripoli demanded the US buy protection in order to stop the naval harassment, Jefferson refused, negating the views of other Federalists who would have done differently. Tripoli declared war on the United States, and Jefferson was forced to augment the size of the navy in order to defeat the Barbary pirates. The Louisiana Purchase is another course of action taken by Jefferson known for contradicting his strict constructionist views. Neglecting the fact that there is no clause in the Constitution permitting him to purchase land, Jefferson used Napoleon’s European conquest to help him get rid of New World worries.
intervention. [1] At the same time, the doctrine noted that the United States would neither interfere with existing European colonies nor meddle in the internal concerns of European countries. The Doctrine was issued in 1823 at a time when nearly all Latin American colonies of Spain and Portugal had achieved or were at the point of gaining independence from the Portuguese and Spanish Empires; Peru consolidated its independence in 1824, and Bolivia would become independent in 1825, leaving only Cuba and Puerto Rico under Spanish rule. The United States, working in agreement with Britain, wanted to guarantee that no European power would move in. [2] President James Monroe first stated the doctrine during his seventh annual State of the Union Address to Congress.
The Monroe Doctrine was a US foreign policy regarding Latin American countries in the early 19th century. It stated that further efforts by European nations to colonize land or interfere with states in North or South America would be viewed as acts of aggression, requiring U.S. intervention. At the same time, the doctrine noted that the United States would neither interfere with existing European colonies nor meddle in the internal concerns of European countries. The Doctrine was issued in 1823 at a time when nearly all Latin American colonies of Spain and Portugal had achieved or were at the point of gaining independence from the Portuguese and Spanish Empires; Peru consolidated its independence in 1824, and Bolivia would become independent in 1825, leaving only Cuba and Puerto Rico under Spanish rule. The United States, working in agreement with Britain, wanted to guarantee that no European power would move in.
Basic Principles of the War Powers By Louis Fisher Article Review Abstract The article by Louis Fisher entitled Basic Principles of the War Powers examines the history and established regulation of war declaration under Article I of the United States Constitution. The framers of the Constitution of the United States specified that the executive power of war would be transferred to Congress as a measure to prevent the establishment of a monarchy form of government. After World War II, the power of Congress to grant war powers to the President has appeared circumvented because of conflicts in Korea and Vietnam without specific approval from Congress. The article by Louis Fisher outlines the power vested in Congress to grant war
In suspending the writ, Lincoln relied on the constitutional authorization that the framers had perceptively included years before in Article I, Section 9 (which reads, in part, “The privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it”). However, the Constitution implies that congressional action is required for such suspension. Despite the fact that Congress was in session at the time, Lincoln did not request its approval but personally authorized General Winfield Scott to suspend the writ along the railroad from Philadelphia to Washington, believing that his duty was to protect the
* Among the issues leading to the war was the British impressments of American sailors into the Royal Navy * Federalists - The political party of Alexander Hamilton, which advocated a strong central government and loose interpretation of the Constitution. * Democratic-Republicans - Party of Jefferson, opposed to the Federalists and their program of strong central government and loose interpretation of the Constitution. 1814 Seize of Spanish Florida * General Andrew Jackson took Pensacola and drove out the British force 1846–48 Mexican-American War * United States recognized the existence of a state of war with Mexico. * After the annexation of Texas in 1845, the United States and Mexico failed to resolve a boundary dispute and President Polk said that it was necessary to deploy forces in Mexico to meet a threatened invasion. 1857–58 Utah
During this time, the United States was pursuing manifest destiny and had just acquired vast new territories from Mexico and now has its eyes set upon acquiring the island of Cuba. Because Spain had refused to sell Cuba to the United States previously, now, with the fading dependency Spanish Cuba had to Spain the United States responded with the Ostend Manifesto, as the declaration warning that if Spain refused to sell the island, “then, by every law, human and divine, we shall be justified in wrestling it from Spain if we possess the power.” Spanish Cuba began to start having revolutionary ideas of its own about independence that did not include becoming annexed by the United States. In reference to the Cuban Revolutionary Party’s delegate, Jose Marti’s Letter to the editor, New York Evening Post, on March 25th, 1889, “It is probable that no self-respecting Cuban would like to see his country annexed to a nation where the leaders of opinion share towards him the prejudices excusable only to vulgar jingoism or rampant
The speech Against Imperialism, was delivered by George Frisbie Hoar in May of 1902, four years after Spain had turned over all claim of Cuba as well as Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines, over to the United States after their defeat in the Spanish-American War. Hoar was a republican senator from Massachusetts who was opposed to the imperialism that many believed that America would soon begin to partake in. Hoar argued against the absorption of the Philippines, but lost the fight when President McKinley, also a republican, said that it would be within the duty of the United States to annex the Philippines. Hoar begins his speech by discussing the two different types of sentimentalities that were a part of the debate between 1898 and 1902
US Imperialism in Latin America Latin America's residence close to the United States made the improvement of relations between the two countries imperative during the beginning of the 20th century. William Jennings Bryan, Secretary of State for Woodrow Wilson, was seen as fairly important to the Imperialism. Although Bryan claimed that he was against imperialistic actions, he was still viewed by the economy as a successor of Imperialism. In 1898, the United States was on its way to war and desire for empire. The edge for war was initiated by the Cuban rebels who were revolting against Spanish control over Latin America.