Medicine in Ancient Egypt

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Medicine of Ancient Egypt: The Gateway to Today’s Anatomy When considering the various advancements made by the Egyptians, historians have spent a majority of their time researching the visible aspects of ancient Egypt. The visual appeal of the pyramids and hieroglyphics enticed them to focus on exploring and excavating the vast land of Kemet. What had received minimal attention from Egyptologists, were the advancements made in the field of medicine by the ancient physicians. Thus, historians attribute little credit to Egypt’s contribution to the anatomical sciences. Although in medical references authors consider the Egyptians as outstanding physicians and attentive embalmers they have not received much of public recognition. It was not until the 20th century, when historians translated the medical papyri written by ancient physicians, that Egypt's vast anatomical findings publically known. Having developed a system of writing, enabled ancient Egyptians chronicled a tremendous amount of their knowledge and experience on papyrus. The papyri that have depicted what ancient Egypt knew about anatomy were the Edwin Smith papyrus (1700 B.C.) and the George Ebers papyrus (1500 B.C.). These ancient texts lead us through the Egyptians’ analysis of the human body and how they applied anatomical knowledge to clinical medicine without any previous discoveries to which they could refer. It is through the Egyptian embalmers that historians were able to learn of some of the first interactions with human organs. The ancient physicians’ reports transcribed into the Edwin Smith, and the Ebers papyri enabled future physicians to seek reference for common diseases treatments and surgical procedures. By referring to the old techniques of the Egyptian embalmers and physicians, we are able to see how anatomical science has evolved through the dynasties of ancient Egypt and how
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