1.3 Critically analyse the difference between the social model and medical model of disability and how each model affects the provision. Medical model of disability is defines as the disability to be a medical problem. They concentrate on the disability rather than the child and young person’s individual needs. Each of the disabled children and young people are labelled according to their impairment or differences. The children and the young people will have medical treatment to eradicate the problem or they are excluded from the ‘normal’ society and will have a solitary life at their home or specialised institution where they cannot have a quality of life but just their basic needs are met.
There was a need to try and cure people with disabilities. This model focuses more on the negative attributes of people with disabilities, it highlights that there is a need for care, that people struggle to go out and other things which suggest that disabilities are problems. People with disabilities are left with very little control over their lives according to this approach. All decisions about education, housing and employment etc… were taken out of their hands and decisions were made for them. This invariably meant that people with disabilities were mainly shut away in institutions with no real need for society to change at all.
Introductory Awareness of Models of Disability Describe the medical model of disability: This model view disability as a ‘problem’ to only the individual with the disability and not to any other. Describe the social model of disability: This views society as the disabling factor, by designing things to suit the needs of the majority, rather than the needs of disabled people. Outline how each of the models has developed and evolved over time Medical model: This model has developed a lot over time. Rather than care being institutional orientated, many people are now in community based care settings, allowing them to feel included as a valuable part of society. Society has changed to view the strengths of individuals with disabilities, rather
2.3 Describe the medical and social models of disability The Medical Model of Disability The disability is the focus. A society that separates, creating "special” facilities away from community life. This model focuses on the lack of physical, sensory or mental functioning, and uses a clinical way of describing an individual’s disability. There are certain ‘norms’ in development and in functioning against which the person is judged – the focus is on what they cannot do, rather than what they can do. This model defines and categorises disabled people by their impairment, and it casts the individual person as “the victim” or “the problem”.
In the 1960s, people with disabilities were mostly shut away meaning that there was no real need to make buildings wheelchair accessible. The Medical model is misleading as it suggests that people with disabilities are patients who are ill and dependent on the medical profession. The Social Model of Disability: The social model of disability sees the issue of "disability" as a socially created problem and a matter of the full integration of individuals into society. In this model, disability is not an attribute of an individual, but rather a complex collection
Incidence of a Never Event An example of a Never Event is when a patient acquired an HAI. In this case we can use the most common HAI which is the Pressure Ulcer. Based on Susan and Diana's study (as cited in Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development) pressure ulcers are lesions caused by unrelieved pressure, resulting in damage to the underlying tissue and usually occurs in bony prominences. Causes of Pressure Ulcers One famous cause of a pressure ulcer is patient immobility. If a patient is unable to move and patient care staff does not turn or shift the patient's weight throughout their shifts, the pressure of the surface can block the flow of oxygen and blood underneath the tissues.
I realized how effective group therapy can be for individuals especially those that are dealing with issues that are largely stigmatized. Even if a therapist has an addiction we are not to let a client know, which is a different experience for that individual. Therapists can give expertise thought and discussion but they cannot give the individual the same acceptance that one could get from a group meeting. I think it is important to know our limitations with our work and know when to incorporate other resources. In reference to the disease model, it separates the person and the disease, that they are two different entities.
• Muscular Dystrophy – the muscle fibres in the body weaken over time. • Cerebral Palsy – Caused by damage to parts of the brain which control movement during the nearly stages of development. People with CP may have difficulties with:-Posture, movement of body parts or the whole body, muscle weakness or tightness, involuntary muscle movements (spasms), balance & co-ordination, talking & eating Hidden or invisible disabilities are physical or mental impairments that are not readily apparent to others. Around 70% of people who have a disability in this country have a hidden disability. Types include:- • Asthma – more than 3 million people have asthma in the UK.
From the very beginning it is essential to establish what the needs of the individual are and if they can be met. A situation may arise where for example an individual enduring dementia is referred to a company specialising in mental health and do not offer personal care, the company’s assessment of the individual pointed out that there was not an immediate need to provide personal care, however as the individual settles into the new home and their condition gets progressively worse there will be negative implications on the individual. This subsequently causes distress and can have negative implications on all parties
Group living homes are traditionally based on medical-somatic model of care and organized in large, hospital-like settings. Loss of autonomy, depersonalization, passivity, lack of personal integrity and use of restraints are some shortcomings related to these settings that have been reported (Zadelhoff, Verbeek, Widdershoven, Rossum, & Abma, 2011). Values such as autonomy, individualization, personhood and well-being are the emphasis in the philosophy towards resident-directed care to achieve the best quality of life for PWD. Personhood is a sense of self-identity or self-esteem and is preserved by relationships. The nursing staff, who they see most frequently, are responsible in maintaining these relationships by applying the four concepts at the heart of person-centered nursing: being in relation, being in social world, being in place, and being with self (Zadelhoff et al., 2011).