However, positivists, such as Comte and Durkheim believe sociology can and should be considered a science. According to positivists sociology should be considered a science. Comte is one such positivist that argued science and sociology were similar due to the fact they both wanted to look at cause and effect. Positivists, such as Comte, believe it’s possible to apply methods of natural sciences when studying society and by doing so we are able to gain true and objective knowledge. Positivists believe that just like nature, society is an objective reality made up of social facts, therefore is able to be observed and treated objectively.
Similarly society is an objective reality – a real thing made up of social facts out there and independent to individuals. Positivists argue reality is not random but patterned and can be observed empirically. It’s the job of the sociologist to observe, identify, measure and record patterns and then to explain them. Durkheim argues laws are discoverable and will explain patterns. Sociologists can discover laws that determine how society works; this is called induction or inductive reasoning.
The years between 1792 and 1850 were a crucial period for both the British and Chinese empires; Britain expanded to become the greatest maritime empire while China, which had been the greatest land mass empire, became a shadow of its former self as the two fought for supremacy and control of trade. As Britain was a relatively small nation, its empire was by necessity outward looking. Characterised by a series of informal settlement colonies, economic policy was the key to expansion and it focussed on trade relationships between the metropole and peripheries; these were supported by a strong bureaucracy and powerful naval fleet. Cultural ideology had a role to play, but it could be argued that it was never as important. On the other hand, the autarkic Chinese empire was formal, insular, economically self-sufficient and relied heavily on both bureaucracy and an ethnocentric ideology to sustain itself.
In the theory, the original position of equality corresponds to the state of nature in the traditional theory of the social contract (Feinberg 2005: 600). It is designed to be a fair and impartial point of view that is to be adopted in our reasoning about fundamental principles of justice. We are to view ourselves as free and equal persons who jointly commit themselves to principles of social and political justice (http//:plato.stanford.edu/entries/original-position). This original position is not, of course, thought of as an actual historical state of affairs, much less as a primitive condition of culture. It is understood as a purely
As a result of the capitalistic economic reforms, the change of the social norm could not keep up with the pace of quickly advancing technology, resulting in a society rich with capability and resources, but lacking the social progression to realize its potential. The image of China captured by Yu Hua in his novel Brothers is that of a nouveau-riche tycoon, wielding a wealth of power and resources, but lacking the development and maturity to use it to cultivate himself. Yu Hua first gives the socio-economic background through the implementation of a quick passage of time, allowing him to effectively communicate the awkward conditions of Chinese society through the role changing of the local markets and the allegorical development of Baldy Li's economic status. Only by implementing a quick passage of time is Yu Hua able to set the context for the changes in Chinese society brought about by capitalistic economic reforms. The novel
Sociological Positivism vs. Social Constructionism Social phenomena exist and deserve explanation. Sociological Positivism and Social Constructionism are two differing social theories that seek to explain the cause of social phenomena. Although these theories are often in direct discourse, they are both highly accepted and are used frequently. Sociological Positivism was first theorized my Auguste Comte. It is described by Structural Anthropologist Edmund Leach as follows: "Positivism is the view that serious scientific inquiry should not search for ultimate causes deriving from some outside source but must confine itself to the study of relations existing between facts which are directly accessible to observation.
Chiang was obsessed with the unification of China under the Nationalist government however, he underestimate the expense of trying to make this viable. Chiang needed money in order to pay his army and continue the progress of the Northern Expedition to Beijing however, money was in scarce supply and the Shanghai business community was the only one to produce it. The president of the chamber was asked for a large loan but, on refusal his property was confiscated; rich merchants were also targeted and were squeezed in whichever way possible. Chiang used ruthless methods in order to achieve his aim and with the appointment of his new brother – in –law, T V Soong, as finance Minister he was able to collect together a war chest with would finance his resumption of the conquest in the north. Chiang faced many problems during his period as Nationalist leader, one of which being the insurance that all warlords were defeated, especially the powerful warlord Zhang Zuolin of Manchuria, and that China would be united under one leader.
In the history of recently 100 years, China changed from a very poor, undeveloped country to a country which is developing very fast today. Because the wars and invasions at that time were very often, so the people were hungry, and under terrible conditions. From generation to generation, money to Chinese people is what water to fish. But the American have a great ability to make money using their high technology to produce some innovative productions and many other ways. They like bidding for something, investing money into some programs no matter what it is.
The first is an obligation that does not differ from those of “members of other groups, such as the family, religion, and community” thus indicating that anthropologists have a basic social commitment and responsibility. At the same time however, there is an obligation to the “scholarly discipline”. The Code of the AAA can be read as attempt to sort through these “complex involvements and obligations” insofar as they conflict with each other: how may the necessary obligation to being part of a community and the social responsibilities that this carries, be reconciled with the scientific approach to the anthropological field? In light of this question, the Code specifically delineates relevant issues to help the anthropological reconcile these different obligations. The Code intends to provide “guidelines for making ethical choices in the conduct of their anthropological work.” These
Although Alibaba has a healthy financial situation, and the large cash inflow from IPO will provide the company with more opportunities to expand its business, it is still very risky to make the investment because of Alibaba’s corporate’s structure and Chinese government interference. Introduction Alibaba, a Chinese e-commerce company which is leading the online and mobile marketplaces in retail and wholesale trade, announced the date of its IPO in New York Stock Exchange. This makes the largest IPO in corporate America’s history. Alibaba is a company founded in 1999 by Jack Ma, a former English teacher in Hangzhou, China. When such a young foreign company with only fifteen years announced the IPO, along with a fairly high P/E, the whole U.S is wondering what Alibaba