Pros of Designer Babies Genetic screening can reduce the baby's chances of being born with several serious diseases like Down Syndrome, Famial hypercholesterolemia, rare blood disorders such as Diamond Blackfan Anaemia, etc. Adam Nash was the world's first known designer baby born by the revolutionary pre-implantation process in the year 2000. Scientists genetically selected his embryo so that he would possess the right cells to save his dying sister's life. His sister suffered from Fanconi's anaemia (blood disorder), and mostly the chances of Adam getting that disorder was also very high. An embryo was chosen, which did not have Fanconi's anaemia.
Even with that drop in the death rate, SIDS is still responsible for about 3,000 deaths per year (“Sudden Infant Death” 1621). There is a theory that SIDS is caused by rapid development. This theory that SIDS is a developmental thing argues that because a baby's brain is growing so quickly during its first six months of life, there is a chance that it may send an abnormal or wrong message to a critical organ system. Another theory is simply that these infants are just not healthy to begin with. This idea says that the baby's time in the womb before it was born may have placed it more at risk.
Life expectancy in 1900 was only around 47 for men and 50 for women whereas it now in 2013 83 for men and 87 for women. There are many reasons for the decline in the birth rate, the reduction of the infant mortality rate, meaning less children are dying in their first year of life, due to advancements in medical care meaning that families don’t need to reproduce a larger quantity of children on fear of death. Contraception was formally introduced in 1961 to the UK for married couples only, this meant that married couples could control the amount of children they could, which has become increasingly popular over the last 50 years because it has enabled couples and others to have sexual relations without resulting in a child. During the industrialization and up until around the 1900s, children were seen as a source of income to working class families as they could be sent out to work, so families had large amounts of children to bring in money. But due to the introduction of a law restricting the age of employment and compulsory education meant that children were now seen as a drain on money so families began to become smaller because of the expense of having a child.
Newborns develop many diseases in their early life because of their low weight. A baby born small or large for gestational age (either of the two extremes) is thought to have an increased risk of obesity in later life but it was also shown that this relationship is fully explained by maternal weight. According to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_mass some diseases in the early life include Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). This is a breathing problem in babies born before 34 weeks. This protein that newborns do not have is small air sacs in the lungs that keep them from collapsing.
It is estimated that 125,000 children are adopted domestically each year, but only 20,000 children are adopted internationally in the same amount of time. We understand the need to help the American children that have been abandoned or left behind, but what about the other children around the world? The most common answer would be, let their own people take them in, but when a country is struggling to keep their own family alive in poverty who will adopt those children? How will they survive when there is no one to care for them? The answer is they wont survive, it is estimated that 15,000 orphans die every day due to malnutrition which is completely preventable.
Spina Bifida occurs worldwide and is steadily decreasing due to the advancement of medical technology and the increase of healthy lifestyles during pregnancy. Surprisingly, European countries have a prevalence rate of less than one in 2,000, and even more surprising is that the highest prevalence rate in the US is one in 500 located in the Southeast. Aside from all the numerical statistics, the defect can be seen from an ultrasound. This image shows an ultrasound of a young infant that has a severe form of Spina Bifida, called Myelomingeocele. The small indentations on the back shows the position in which the defect will be in.
There are many community based issues that falls under the goals of Healthy People 2020 that needs public healthcare and nursing intervention. The three Community Nursing Diagnoses I have chosen for this paper are: Risk for impaired parenting due to teenage pregnancy, Ineffective coping related to adolescents who experience major depressive episodes, and Risk for associated health complications related to obesity. The first diagnosis I will discuss is teenage pregnancy. Although the number of teens who get pregnant in the United States has fallen in recent years, the U.S. teen birth rate is still the highest of any developed country, with more than 400,000 births in 2009, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. According to the report, 50.1% of girls aged 15 to 19 who had an unintended pregnancy were not using any form of contraception when they got pregnant, and 31.4% thought they could not get pregnant at the time (nim.nih.gov).
* The birth-rate is a history of fluctuations. * There was a fall in birth rate during first world war followed by a baby boom with births peaking at 1.1million in 1920. * The was a low rate during interwar period and then another baby boom after second world war * In 2006 the birth rate was the highest in 26 years. * There are a number of reasons why the birthrate in 21st century is lower than in 1901 * A major decline in infant mortality rate (the number of children dying at birth in the first year of life per 1000) * This began because of improvements of sanitation , water supplies and nutrition. * As standards of living increased and childhood came to be seen as a special period , therefore sizes of families were limited.
Daniel Gadegbeku PSY 241 FJWO1 Steven Withrow Low Birth Weight Birth rate is the body weight of a baby at its birth, and low birth rate is the weight of an infant of less than 5 pounds. The primary cause of low birth rate is premature birth that is being born before 37 weeks gestation; a baby born early has less time in the mother's uterus to grow and gain weight, and much of a fetus's weight is gained during the latter part of the mother's pregnancy. So the basic cause of low birth weight is premature birth. Also another cause of low birth weight is intrauterine growth restriction. This kind of cause occurs when a baby does not grow well in the utero because of problems with the placenta, or the mother's health or birth defects.
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Developmental Psychology Fall, 2011 October 10, 2011 The abbreviation SIDS stands for sudden infant death syndrome. It strikes 1 in 1,000 U.S. babies. SIDS is the top-ranking cause of infant mortality in the United States. SIDS happens often too premature and low-birth weight babies. Living in a house where the parents smoke or being put face down in the bed raises the risk for SIDS.