CRUDE OIL DISTILLATION Introduction In this experiment, we conducted a distillation experiment of crude oil. We were able to see how the chemical properties of the components of crude oil influence the temperature it distills out of the crude oil. Distillation is used to remove impurities like distilled water or to separate liquids. It separates substances based on their boiling point. In this case, a sample of crude oil is heated.
The success of this experiment was dependent largely on how well the apparatus was setup to ensure proper distillation of the solution. If the separate parts of the apparatus weren’t put together well is can case loss of solution through evaporation. The apparatus should also have no water in it since the presence of water can alter the intended results. The electrical attraction between water molecules causes dipole pulls which make t difficult to separate the molecules that move closer together. This raises the boiling point.
Place it on the stand and begin heating it to the boiling point (100 degrees Celsius). 3. Measure the mass of the zinc to be tested. 4. Place the test tube, with the zinc in it, in the water and continue heating.
The bomb is filled to about 20 atm of pressure with O2, sealed, and placed in a known amount of water. An electric current is passed through a wire to ignite the mixture. As the combustion takes place, the heat evolved raises the temperature of the calorimeter and its surrounding water, as measured by a thermometer. In order to prevent heat loss from the calorimeter system, some calorimeters are surrounded by a second water bath, whose temperature is continuously adjusted
Task 3 To separate a mixture containing water (boiling point 100 0C) butan-1-ol (boiling point 117 0C) I will use fractional distillation. I am choosing fractional distillation as it is the process by which components in a chemical mixture are separated according to their different boiling points . Vapors from a boiling solution are passed along a column. The temperature of the column gradually decreases along its length. Components with a higher boiling points condense on the column and return to the solution ; components with a lower boiling points pass through the column and are collected.
Then take jug with room temperature water and pour out three cups into the pot. Before placing it on the stove and heating the water to repeat the experiment, the water temperature was taken to ensure that it was approximate to the room temperature. Literature Review: According to an article in The New York Times, the notion of a body of cold water will reach boiling point quickly as to an identical body of hot water under the same parameters is false (O'Connor, 2008). In this experiment it is not to prove what has already been done, rather to find if the rise of water bodies would be parallel. The notion is to calculate the slope of increase in water temperature given two different starting points, are they both identical.
Safety goggles and lab apron must be worn for the experiment. 2. Fill a 250 cm³ beaker about 2/3 full with water. Place the beaker of water on a hot plate or ring stand with the wire gauze. Begin heating the water to the boiling point 3.
Distillation Experiment CHM226 Background The distillation process is a very important technique used to separate compounds based on their boiling points. A substance will boil only when the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the external pressure being applied by the surroundings. Distillations can be used to efficiently purify volatile (i.e. low boiling) compounds. The general concept of distillation involves the boiling of a mixture, resulting in the lower boiling compounds boiling off first.
Ethanol boils at 78.4 ˚C, water at 100 ˚C and the azeotrope at 78.1˚C. This system is typical for separating two component feed into relatively pure overhead product containing the lower boiling component and bottoms product containing primarily the higher boiling component of the feed. The lower boiling component is the ethanol/water azeotrope and the higher boiling component is water in the ethanol/water system. The part of the packed tower below the feed point is the stripper. The stripper is the hottest section of the tower and the ethanol rich stream is vaporized and goes up the column.
In this case, we can use it to cool at a low temperature and reject the heat to a high temperature. Vapor-compression refrigeration cycles specifically have two additional advantages. First, they exploit the large thermal energy required to change a liquid to a vapor so we can remove lots of heat out of our air-conditioned space. Second, the isothermal nature of the vaporization allows extraction of heat without raising the temperature of the working fluid to the temperature of whatever is being cooled. This is a benefit because the closer the working fluid temperature approaches that of the surroundings, the lower the rate of heat transfer.