Vasco De Gama reached India in 1498. This was the beginning of the European infiltration of Indian Ocean trade, bringing about many changes. The Portuguese took over more trade and established ports like Goa in India. Then Britain too dominated trade in conjunction with joint stock companies like the Dutch East India Company. The Chinese traded silks, porcelain and other luxury goods with Europe and Arabia, even as the Ming set rules up for when, where and who could trade at specific spots.
In 200 B.C.E. is when the Han Dynasty first established Silk Roads and since the beginning of the establishment, all the way through 1450 C.E., Silk Roads were deeply an important change that happened to connect China in the east to the empires of the west. Although over tim different products and goods were changed including trading partners, the exchange of innovations and culture which led to cultural diffusion, became a continuity as well. Roughly around 200 B.C.E, the Silk Roads came into use. By that time, they linked the Roman Empire to the Han Dynasty.
See the essay that precedes chapter 7 in this ancillary for some suggestions of essay topics. Chapter 12 Reading Questions: 1. What developments in the classical era helped reduce the risks inherent in long-distance trade? 2. How did the trade networks of the Hellenistic era help set the stage for the silk roads?
Some of the features that stayed the same are the routes, goods, greed and the monsoon winds. The routes branched from China through India and the rest of the Middle East on through Europe. At first, all the travel was done on the Silk Road with horses. Some of the goods that they transported are silk, pottery, tea, spices, medicines, etc. As their greed grew, the technology also grew.
Axum adopted Christianity form the Egyptian religion known as Coptic Christianity. This shows that Axum was an advanced civilization and had many important achievements including becoming a trading center as well as a unified civilization. Ghana is another example of a empire in Africa that had many complex and sophisticated achievements. Between 700 and 1067, the Ghana rose to power an gained control of the Saharan gold and salt trade (Document 2). Ghana was made up of small farming communities, but traded many goods such as salt, gold, ivory, leather, ostrich feathers, and slaves which came from the local berber
Despite the fact that the Chinese had a larger population, Portugal was the one who went on to become the dominant nation in the Indian Ocean during the Age of Exploration. This could be attributed to the fact that in 1433, the Chinese abruptly pulled out of the Indian Ocean Trade and returned to their former isolation. The differing ideals in politics, economics, and religious matters are what caused the Portuguese to be the leading country in the Indian Ocean Trade rather than the Chinese. Politically, China went through a golden age during the reign of the Ming Dynasty. In fact, under the leadership of Zheng- He, the Chinese managed to complete many voyages into the Indian Ocean during the 15th century due to their advanced technologies such as the magnetic compass.
Under the Han Dynasty, China made great advances in many areas of the arts and sciences. Also started trading connections between China and the West, along the Silk Road. This time period has been greatly romanticized in works such as Romance of the Three Kingdoms. The Sui Dynasty, which managed to reunite the country in 589 after nearly four centuries of political fragmentation. China together again and set up many institutions that
Banks that practiced these new methods were established by Christians as a part of the Commercial Revolution, which eventually spread through all of the Christian states. Finally, Documents 5 and 6 further show how trade introduced products from different civilizations hundreds of miles away to each other. The first of these two documents shows how Marco Polo brought new ideas from China back home to Europe, such as the idea of using paper money and coal heating. The Columbian Exchange in Document 6 explains how products from the New World were brought to the Old World to create new foods, some of these products including chocolate, tomato, and
COT Essay: Silk Roads 100 BCE-500CE Mankind, since its earliest days, has always coveted what his neighbor possess. Thus, trade has been a driving force in almost every sophisticated society the Earth has seen. One particularly signifigant instance of trade between civilizations is the Silk Roads, which connected China, India, Persia, and the Mediterranean. Like all such trade routes, they underwent extensive change through the ages. During the period of 100 BCE-500CE, the Silk Roads went from prosperous and bustling to slightly decrepit and relativly unused, mostly because of the collapse of a number of empires which fueled its trade.
Western Europe experienced the largest amount of changes because the main countries that were becoming involved in international trade were located here. These countries include England, Spain, and Portugal. After contact had first been made with people on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean, the first stock exchange was set up in 1538, which represented a steady economy and businesses that could be trusted to continue success within the companies. Along with the new businesses and technology, through international trade, new products were introduced to Europe such as tobacco and potatoes. Companies that focused on trade were also introduced, such as the Dutch, English, and French East India companies.