Journey to Sakhalin: Royal Dutch/Shell in Russia

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Sir Philip Watts waited patiently for a letter from Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Kasyanov. As chairman of the Committee of Managing Directors of the Royal Dutch/Shell Group, as well as chairman of the Shell Transport and Trading Company, Watts bore great responsibility for the future of the Anglo-Dutch energy giant. Kasyanov, for his part, sought to protect the interests of Russia. At stake was an investment project—Sakhalin II—that would be profoundly consequential for the company, the country, and the entire Asian region. Worth approximately $10 billion, the second phase of Sakhalin II would be the single largest investment decision in the company’s history and the single largest foreign direct investment in Russia’s history. Sakhalin II was the very reason for the existence of the Sakhalin Energy Investment Company (SEIC), owned by Shell (55%) and its Japanese partners Mitsui (25%) and Mitsubishi (20%). Sakhalin II would be the largest single integrated oil and gas project in the world. By May 15, 2003, the project had already come a long way since its inception more than a decade earlier. Yet on that day its future hung in the balance. Sakhalin II was governed by a production- sharing agreement (PSA), a commercial contract between a foreign investor and host government that replaces the country’s tax and license regimes for the life of the project. 1 Although Sakhalin II’s PSA enjoyed the status of Russian law, other Russian laws conflicted with the terms of the PSA. PSAs had also become controversial within Russia during the previous few years, as some Russian politicians and business leaders openly questioned the usefulness of these separate contracts with foreign investors. After several years of waiting for what they
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