Irish History 1870–1914: Land Agitation and Land Reform

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4.3 1886-1906: 1906: The The Conservatives Conservatives and and the the land land question question The Ashbourne Land Act A In 1885, Parnell joined with the Conservatives to defeat Gladstone. To please him, Salisbury brought in the Ashbourne Land Act A It was the first full land purchase act. £5 million was lent to farmers to help them buy their land. They were to repay it over 49 years A The Act was a success, especially among Ulster farmers. 25,000 farmers bought their land under it. ‘Killing Home Rule with kindness’ A In 1886, the Conservatives won the election. In 1887, Arthur Balfour became Chief Secretary. His Irish policy was influenced by the Liberal Unionist leader, Joseph Chamberlain A In a pamphlet called “A Unionist Policy for Ireland” Chamberlain said that there were real problems in Ireland: land ownership, impoverished small farms and lack of local democracy. If the British government solved these problems, Chamberlain argued, it would kill the demand for Home Rule A Balfour made land purchase the central part of the Conservative’s Irish policy because: E He hoped that when farmers owned their farms they would become more conservative (opposed to change) and want to stay in the United Kingdom E Land purchase was also good for the landlords who were the Conservatives’ Irish allies. Earlier Land Acts had reduced their incomes. They now wanted to sell their land, but the tenants could only buy with government assistance. 1891: Balfour’s Land Act In 1891, while the Home Rule Party was split over the O’Shea divorce case, Balfour introduced a major Land Act. It had two parts: E It gave £33 million for land purchase to be repaid over 49 years. But landlords were paid in bonds, not cash, so many were reluctant to sell. Only 46,800 tenants bought their farms under
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