The Sunnis and the Shi’a make up the wider nation of Muslims. The divide between the two is essentially political in origin, dating from the debate over who should succeed Muhammad as leader of the ummah(Islamic nation). The Shi’a are so named because they descend from the shi’at ‘Ali, the Party of ‘Ali, Muhammad’s nephew and son-in-law. This party proposed that the religious and political leader of the Muslims, whom they called the imam, should be a descendant of the Prophet. In time, mainstream Shi’ism would insist that the imam be descended from Muhammad through the line of ‘Ali and his wife Fatima, Muhammad’s daughter.
If the government is agonist the people's feelings, then the people have the moral authority to change the government system which is also under the definition of democracy; for the people, to the people and by the people. Many nations like Nepal and Pakistan who were trying to practice aristocratic system were thrown by its own public revolution, but America and its alliance in the name of changing dictatorship inside the Iraq stayed over there for than six year without any strong political reason which is the matter of disagreement
Many people in the Middle East did not want to be ruled by outside governments. Turkey became a republic after overthrowing the last Ottoman Emperor. Persia was led by Reza Shah after overthrowing the governments influenced by Great Britain and France. It became the country of Iran. In Arabia, a sheikh named ____________ set out to extend his power.
One interesting fact to remember is that we put Saddam Hussein into power back in the 1070's when he opposed the soviets. So we gave him millions of dollars, weapons, and tactics to defeat the soviets. Hussein however used this power, weapons, and money to make himself a dictator figure over his people in Iraq and a long period of oppression ensued. All of the problems we have spent $4 trillions dollars on were caused by none other than ourselves back in the cold war. The Bush administration underestimated how long the Iraq War would take, and the administration expected only a two year operation and a price tag of a little over $100
Abou El Fadl is particularly critical of Wahhabism, a puritanical revision of Islam propagated by the Saudi monarchy. While Wahhabism claims to be the "straight path" of Islam, it is, according to Abou El Fadl, an “false” form of Islam, forged in the 18th-century slaughter of Muslims and non-Muslims alike. To call it "fundamentalist," he asserts, is misleading, since it defys fundamental Islamic truths and distorts Islam by rejecting any attempt to interpret the divine law historically or contextually (11-12). Fadl utilizes Quranic passages as a way to support claims of the danger behind interpreting scriptural passages that were recorded in another period in history without assessing the historical context and background. Fadl further illuminates the dangers of such misunderstanding and an absence of historical understanding and context in which a passage is written through the examination of the passage “fight those among the People of the Book who do not believe in God or the Hereafter, who do not forbid what God and His Prophet have forbidden, and who do not acknowledge the religion of truth- fight them until they pay the poll tax with willing submission and feel themselves subdued” (13).
The reasons behind Akehenaten’s failure and Constantine success was a matter of support of the populace. Egyptian culture rejected “Atenism”, because the populace and priesthood were left out of the equation. Constantine eased “Christianity” into society while keeping political balance in check. The Pharaoh upset the people by changing hundreds of years of tradition so suddenly, furthermore he set himself up as the only avenue of contact with the God ”Aten” leaving no one to replace him after his death. Constantine included Christianity along without alienating other religions.
The War in Iraq Isn’t it interesting how the media portraits the war in Iraq? It’s always the negative points and never the good ones. There is so much disbelief and lying about our military and government that it is disgusting! Everyone believes that this war is pointless and stupid, however it needed to be done to make an example! The United States is the strongest government in the world and the media puts it down so very hard.
What was the importance of Baghdad in the Abbasid period in the development of Muslim culture? The beginning of the Abbasid period- the revolution The Abbasid was a dynasty of caliphs who ruled the caliphate of Islam from 750 until 1258. The Umayyads who were descended from Umayya and a clan separate from Mohammed’s in the Quraish tribe, were overthrown by a combination of Shiite, Arab and Non-Arab Muslims dissatisfied with the Umayyad regime. The rebels were led by the Abbasid family, descendants of the Prophet Mohammed’s uncle Abbas ibn Abd-Al-Muttalib (566-662) who were the true successor of Mohammed as opposed to the Umayyads and called the “blessed dynasty”. The Abbasid dynasty came to power as the third of the Islamic caliphates through a religiously and politically motivated movement “on the River Zab, south of Mosul in northern Iraq, in February 750”.
This journey is known in the Islamic calendar as the Hirja. The Islamic calendar begins in the year 622. After the death of Muhammad in 632, Muslims came together to choose a new leader or ‘khalifa’ (caliph) to be the successor of Muhammad. The caliph was to be the symbolic head of the Muslim community throughout the world. • A religion that began with the prophet Muhammad in the 7th century • Muhammad believed he was a messenger sent by God • Muslims follow the teachings of the holy book, the Qur’an • Muslims pray in the direction of Mecca, the centre for Islamic worship • Islam spread rapidly throughout the Middle East and beyond Photograph courtesy of SacredSites.com Science and technology in Medieval Islam The
Wahabbism is a movement within Islam and it is based on the 18th century teachings of Muhammad ibn Abd al-wahhab. The main focus of his reform was to argue that every single idea that was added to Islam after the third century (about 950 CE) was false and it must be eliminated. According to him, Muslims should strictly believe in the original beliefs that are set forth by Prophet Muhammad. He considered many of the popular practices of the time as being regression to pre-Islamic polytheism. For example; making pilgrimages to tombs or special mosques, venerating caves, trees, stones, using votive and sacrificial offerings and praying to saints were all to be banned[ii].