Invasive Trout Introductions

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Exotic Invasion Britton D. Hudson Sierra Nevada College Exotic species are those that are outside of their natural range and many of the exotic species around the world are becoming invasive, spreading and increasing in abundance and this is considered to be the most threatening factor affecting the biota of the U.S. national park systems (Primack, 235). Many species become invasive by unintentional transportation, they can be carried within the cargo of planes and trains, just as the brown tree snake was introduced to many pacific islands and now is devastating native, endemic bird species, species may also be transported on the undercarriage and inside of automobiles and within boat ballast water like the invasive quagga muscle or the easily spread spores of cheat grass that are invasive in many areas and are often times dispersed by humans and animals. To reduce and prevent introductions of exotic and invasive species preventative and regulatory measures are necessary, or else they will potentially dominate ecosystems and eliminate native species (Primack, 243). Often times the best restorative measure requires physical removal of an invasive species, like the__________________ that has been removed from _______________ and successfully so, as seen in improved ___________________. Exotic and invasive species pose ecological threats such as direct predation, parasitism and disease, as well as indirect implications including, habitat modification, abiotic alterations and trophic cascades. With potential threats such as these why then would exotic and invasive species be intentionally and willingly introduced? Trout introductions began in the 1800’s, and as sport fishing gained popularity in the 1870’s, so did stocking lakes and streams with exotic trout species. At the turn of the century railroad transportation took stocking to a new level. “By the
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