When someone sprains an ankle there will be swelling, bruising and tenderness and the pain will be at the lateral part of the ankle and sometimes at the medial part. The ankle is a hinge joint and articulates from three bones, which are the talus, tibia, and fibula. (1. Heck) The ligaments support the ankles stability and when someone has recurrent ankle sprains it is likely that they could lose their normal kinematics. (6 Maughan) Muscles that cause
Carpal tunnel syndrome Carpal tunnel syndrome is a progressively painful hand and arm condition caused by a pinched nerve in your wrist. A number of factors can contribute to carpal tunnel syndrome, including the anatomy of your wrist, certain underlying health problems and possibly patterns of hand use. Carpal tunnel syndrome is pressure on the median nerve -- the nerve in the wrist that supplies feeling and movement to parts of the hand. It can lead to numbness, tingling, weakness, or muscle damage in the hand and fingers. The carpal tunnel is a narrow passageway about as big around as your thumb located on the palm side of your wrist.
The median nerve controls sensations to the palm side of the thumb and fingers (although not the little finger), as well as impulses to some small muscles in the hand that allow the fingers and thumb to move. The carpal tunnel, a narrow rigid passageway of ligament and bones at the base of the hand houses the median nerve and tendons. Thickening from irritated tendons or other swelling narrows the tunnel and causes the median nerve to be compressed. The result may be pain, weakness, or numbness in the hand and wrist radiating up the arm. Although painful sensations may indicate other conditions, carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common and widely known of the entrapping neuropathies in which the body's peripheral nerves are compressed or traumatized.
The procedure is used to help realign the kneecap to a more normal position and relieve pressure on the articular cartilage. In this procedure, the lateral retinaculum is cut and released; this allows the kneecap to return to proper tracking in the trochlear groove (Figure 10). The ligaments heal overtime, and scar tissue fills in the gap left by the surgery (25). In some cases, if a lateral release is not enough, ligament tightening procedures may be the next step for a severe patellar misalignment. This is where the surgeon may also need to realign the quadriceps mechanism, when the tendons on the inside edge of the knee (the medial side) may have to be tightened as well (26).
Myositis ossificans means that bone forms within muscle due to a blunt injury that causes deep tissue bleeding in an athlete. For instance, a soccer player that is repeatedly kicked hard in his mid-thigh would develop pain and bruising as a result of the soft tissue being injured. A hematoma would form and ultimately develop into this abnormal bone. Treatment consists of rest, immobilization and anti-inflammatory medication. X-rays can determine whether this has turned into a tumor within the soft tissues.
jaw, knee and elbow), gliding (e.g. wrist and ankle), and pivot (e.g. between the vertebrae in the neck) Bones: - Moving and positioning an individual in an incorrect manner can cause bone fractures (breaks). There are also several different types of fracture, which vary in cause and severity: - A “simple” fracture is the most common of these and is when the bone breaks cleanly. This may be caused by even small amounts of pressure when assisting someone or even when standing for a short while to transfer.
The affected joints are usually “load-bearing” joints located in the knees, hands, hips, feet, and spine, although the condition often starts in a single joint. Osteoarthritis is also known as degenerative joint disease and as “wear and tear” arthritis. Amputation Amputation is defined as the complete severance of one of the body’s extremities. This may be due to a medical operation, an injury, or some other form of trauma. In any case, amputation by definition involves the loss of a body part such as a hand, foot, arm or leg.
A boxers fracture is when the second and/or the third metacarpal gets a fracture in the neck. Usually the cause of the fracture is when you hit a hard object such as a wall or fence with a clenched fist. The symptoms include pain or tenderness located in a single location on the hand, possibly around the knuckle. You might also have swelling, discoloration, deformity, and very rarely abnormal movements when using your hand. The treatment varies on how bad the fracture is.
Stage 3 - The sore worsens and extends beneath the skin surface, forming a small crater. There maybe no pain at this stage due to nerve damage. The risk of tissue death and infection are high. Stage 4 - pressure sores progress with extensive damage to deeper tissues (muscles, tendons and bones) serious complications such as osteomyeltis (infection of the bone) or sepis (infection carried through the blood can occur) 2) Identify pressure sites of the body. Common places where pressure sores are likely too develop are, back of head and ears, elbows, lower back and sacrum area, shoulders, hips, heels and inner knees.. 3) Identify factors which might put on individual at risk of skin breakdown and pressure sores.
The three types of soft tissue injuries include, sprain, strain and contusion. A partial or complete tear of a ligament is called a sprain. This is caused by a twisting or other force that moves the joint beyond its normal range of motion. A strain is a torn or pulled muscle and is usually caused by the muscle suddenly contracting or being over-stretched. Contusions are another name for a bruise and a discoloration and tenderness of the skin, caused by bleeding in a muscle.