Impact of Tardiness

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Quantitative Article Review: Impacts of Tardiness Christopher Kemp Liberty University September 16, 2012 Summary Decreasing Tardiness in Elementary School Students Using Teacher-Written Praise Notes is a study that was designed to investigate strategies to reduce tardiness. The purpose of this study was to see if using praise notes would be a positive reinforcement strategy that would help with tardiness in elementary schools (Caldarella, Christensen, Lynnette, & Young, 2011). Similar studies have been done, but not specially for elementary students. Praise notes have shown to be effective for addressing problem behaviors. Caldarella, Christensen, Lynnette, & Young (2011) defined praise as essentially the use of verbal or written statements acknowledging a desired behavior. Praise has been understood to be the easiest modification teachers can make to address students’ problem behaviors. The sample size of this study was not a huge sample by far. It was 6 total participants involved in this study at an elementary school. Using school attendance data, six general education students, that were all Caucasian, were selected to be included in the intervention. Three of the students were moderately tardy and all of them were first graders (Faye, Bryce, and Wade). The other three were considered to be severely tardy (Gary, Ron, and Ellie). Faye was a shy female who did not seem very excited to come to school. Bryce’s mother had recently had a new baby, and the school principal thought this might be related to his arriving late to school. Wade was often defiant and had peer difficulties. He also stayed up late and did not want to come to school in the morning. Gary, a sixth grader, was from a single parent family and had older siblings with a history of truancy. Ron, also a sixth grader, lacked school motivation and was often late because his parents were
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