Mazzini was a prolific publicist continually publishing letters and articles and was feted by many European liberals. Mazzini’s ideas encouraged several attempted invasions in the years 1833-48 and in 1849 Mazzini was able to take advantage of the Pope’s flight from Rome to declare a Roman Republic. This shows that Mazzini had a profound effect in accelerating the growth of autocracy and the nature of foreign intervention by exercising his opportunism in favourable conditions. He did so to cater to his own desires for a unified Italy and to fulfil the aims of Young Italy. Mazzini had
The Renaissance in 14th-17th Europe was a period of cultural rebirth and revival. Many significant new ideas arose during this movement, and these ideas were most proficiently expressed in Italy. With Florence as the cultural and artistic capital of Europe, Italian “Renaissance men” embodied the principles of the humanism movement. Through arts and science, Renaissance ideas were successfully conveyed in the Italian Renaissance. Art was a crucial aspect of expressing Renaissance ideas.
Inspired by the Ancient Greek thinkers and encouraging new ways of thinking and creating, letting artists and inventors push their boundaries, humanism supported education in science and astrology, mathematics and languages. One such thinker and writer was Francois Rabelais whose satirical work, Gargantua and Pantagruel, has lived on through the ages. The question is, based on these extracts, how is it clear that Rabelais himself, a monk who started out in the Franciscan and moved onto the Benedictine order, was a humanist? The main protagonists of Rabelais’ stories, Gargantua and Pantagruel, who are depicted as giants, symbolise the nobility and omnivorous curiosity that typified the humanistic scheme. Rabelais’ work is a far cry from the earnest moral and educational programs of the early humanists.
Certain late-medieval Italian sculptors including Nicola Pissano and his son Giovanni Pissano also seemed to have left an impression on him. They were the chief intermediaries through whom Giotto first came in contact with the world of Northern Gothic art, which remains one of the most important of all the elements that entered into Giotto’s style. (Janson &
Through Livy’s literary work, the reader is able to grasp the importance of Rome as a rising nation and use the provided information to judge the present and plan ahead for the future. Livy describes Romulus, the first legendary king of Rome, as the king and military leader “who fostered Rome’s well-being” by a means of war (Livy 1.20-23, pg. 27). Although Romulus committed a few immoral acts, Livy continues to praise the king for his many contributions to Rome’s strength and prosperity many of which came from the killing of Amulius, the founding of Rome, the organization of counsel and guidance, the rape and war of the Sabines and battles with other cities around Rome all within his thirty-seven year reign. Romulus became the prominent figure of the beginnings of Roman history when he killed the tyrant Amulius, and with the help of his brother, Remus, allowed his grandfather Numitor to seize the throne of the ancient kingdom of Alba once again.
Quattrocento also known as the Italian Renaissance was a pivotal time for individuals in the art world. Many artist were discovered and are still considered famous today. These pioneer artist displayed a presence of scientific, cultural and economics through christianity putting forth techniques and ideas that are still used currently.The most renowned 15th century frescoes would be The Sistine Chapel. It is a perfect example of linear perspective in Perugino's Christ Delivering the Keys of the Kingdom to Peter. Some of the most important collection of Renaissance painting would be that of Federico da Montefeltro who helped Urbino flourish in art and culture and commissioned perhaps the largest library in Italy with the paintings in Monefelto's court displaying the first theoretical treatise on perspective.
To the scholars and thinkers of the day, however, it was primarily a time of the revival of classical learning and wisdom after a long period of cultural decline and stagnation. Title: Beginning And Progress Of The Renaissance Beginning And Progress Of The Renaissance Fourteenth To Sixteenth Century The new birth of resurrection known as the "Renaissance" is usually considered to have begun in Italy in the fourteenth century, though some writers would date its origin from the reign of Frederick II, 1215-1250; and by this Prince - the most enlightened man of his age - it was at least anticipated. Well versed in languages and science, he was a patron of scholars, whom he gathered about him, from all parts of the world, at his court in Palermo. At all events the Renaissance was heralded through the recovery by Italian scholars of Greek and
The Renaissance Era (14th to 16th century) was a rebirth of the ideals, scientific curiosity, and individualism of the Greeks and Romans. It began in Florence in the late Medieval period. It experimented with intense emotion of the bodies and the faces. They tried to make it as real as possible. Many individuals were gifted with artistic skill and creativity.
The Renaissance was a cultural movement that took place from the 14th to the 17th century. It is believed to have begun in Florence, Italy in the late Middle Ages, aided by the political and civil structure of the city, the patronage of the powerful Medici family, and the migration of Greek scholars and their texts after the Fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks. The movement focused on a return to the concept of humanism, which centers on humans and their values, capacities, and worth. The Renaissance affected literature, philosophy, religion, science, politics, and art. Its two main divisions are the Italian Renaissance and the Northern Renaissance, although the later covers a much larger area and even though every country had its own
Humanism during the Renaissance (1400-1600 CE) can be defined as the scholarly linguistic and literary movement which promoted and revered the newly reintroduced wealth of classical Roman and Greek literature, language, culture, philosophy and knowledge. This vast intellectual treasure came back to the west, first by exposure to the Islamic invasions through Sicily and Spain, then with Crusaders returning from the Islamic orient, and finally from the foundering Byzantine Roman Empire. The universities of the Italian city-states embraced and disseminated this “new” knowledge widely to the thirsty minds of the day, and in doing so begat the resulting cultural-intellectual revolution. As a renaissance humanist intellectual, Machiavelli was unique in that while he appears to have known Latin, and been extremely well versed in the philosophy, history, and literary works of classic Greco-Roman authors like Cicero; he himself did not write in Latin but primarily in Italian, in the common vernacular of the people. He disdained and satirized the pomposity and hubris of the esoteric university humanists, and instead wrote brilliantly revolutionary practical intellectual works such as “the Prince.” Machiavelli’s genius was in his ability to logically apply the lessons of the great minds of Greek and Roman antiquity combined with the practical political, military, and sociological insights of late 15th century chaotic Medici Florence, crafted into an ultimate leader’s guide to become the next Julius Caesar, Pericles, or Caesar Borgia.