Tension [pic] d. Compression 6. What is Earth's core composed of? [pic] a. hydrogen and iron b. magnesium and silicon [pic] c. iron and nickel d. nickel and silicon 7. A large ocean wave that is generated by vertical motions of the seafloor during an earthquake is called a(n) __________. a. upwelling current b. seiche [pic] c. tsunami d. tidal range 8.
They grow by piling up lava and ash into cones with steep-sided slopes, which are prone to collapse as massive landslides known as debris avalanches. The 1980 debris avalanche at Mount St. Helens literally opened a new chapter in the study of volcanic hazards. Debris avalanches were an under-appreciated hazard prior to 1980. More than 200 prehistoric debris avalanche deposits around the world were recognized because of observations of processes and resulting geologic features at Mount St. Helens. For example, the origin of puzzling, hilly volcanic deposits near Mount Shasta and Mount Rainier became clear.
I shall use examples of the Kobe Earthquake 1995, Boxing Day Tsunami 2004 and the Haiti Earthquake 2010. The earthquake of 2004 was caused by subduction of the Australian plate and the Eurasian Plate ,a 15-20m slip occurred along the fault line which then caused an earthquake measuring a 9.1 on the Richter scale. This a very high recording on the Richter scale so therefore it would always cause devastating hazards , but human factors could be seen as making the impacts far worse. The earthquake in the ocean had caused a tsunami to occur within the Indian Ocean. The wave reached up to 30 metres high causing devastation to the 13 countries surrounding the ocean.
G208: Volcanoes Chapter 7 : Kilauea, Hawaii 1. What is "volcanic tremor"? (page 94, para 2 to page 95) A volcanic tremor is a continuous, low-frequency vibration of the ground. 2. What do earthquake swarms indicate?
Before 1980, the last eruption of Mount St. Helens was between 1840 and 1850. The volcano did not happen overnight however, it was caused by multiple earthquakes and lots of pressure buildup through time. The Mount St. Helens volcano eruption was the most recent volcanic eruption that did significant damage in the United States. The formation of Mount St. Helens millions of years ago is the reason why the eruption was so violent. The Juan de Fuca Ridge, which lies between the Pacific and Juan de Fuca plate pushes the two plates in opposite directions causing the Juan de Fuca plate to sub duct underneath the continental plate causing a subduction zone and large pieces of rock are pushed into the opposite plate causing a mountain to form.
An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of earth suddenly slip past one another. The location below the earth’s surface where the earthquake starts is called the Hypocenter. The Charleston Earthquake of 1886 was a turning point in history because it was the most destructive earthquake in Charleston. When the earthquake first began, Anthony Toomer Porter and others who witnessed the earthquake, tried to get into contact with their families. “We all began at once to telegraph Charleston but received no response.
7. The most recent major eruption of Mount Saint Helens was May 18, 1980. The eruption was so large, the whole north face of the volcano slid away. I can tell it was the north face, because the compass points north and that is where the face slid away. This eruption was an explosive eruption.
Discuss the Extent to which Tectonic hazards can be Monitored 40 marks Monitoring tectonic hazards involves being able to predict when they will occur and the extent of the damage they may cause and in this way we can prevent maximum harm taking place. When predicting volcanoes it’s important to look at their history of previous eruptions and the type of volcano. The most recent research was in time prediction using shock waves that are produces as magma reaches the surface which expands cracks or breaks the surface of the volcanic rock. This was partly successful in a Mexican eruption in 2002 of Popacatapelt. Using the history of eruptions allows us to assess what is likely to happen in the future, for example, in the eruption of Mt.
Geologic Summary. The high, isolated massif of Shiveluch volcano (also spelled Sheveluch) rises above the lowlands NNE of the Kliuchevskaya volcano group and forms one of Kamchatka's largest and most active volcanoes. The currently active Molodoy Shiveluch lava-dome complex was constructed during the Holocene within a large breached caldera formed by collapse of the massive late-Pleistocene Strary Shiveluch volcano. At least 60 large eruptions of Shiveluch have occurred during the Holocene, making it the most vigorous andesitic volcano of the Kuril-Kamchatka arc. Frequent collapses of lava-dome complexes, most recently in 1964, have produced large debris avalanches whose deposits cover much of the floor of the breached caldera.
Earthquakes Sheila Fangmeier GEO101 – Earth Science Colorado State University – Global Campus Karen Stelly October 5, 2014 Earthquakes “An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves” (Earthquake, 2014). Seisometers measure earthquake magnitude and intensity based on two scales, the Richter and Mercalli. An earthquake’s magnitude can range from less than 2.0 to greater than 9.0 on the Richter scale and its intensity I to greater than VIII on Mercalli (Richter magnitude scale, 2014). The depth focus is important to how much damage can occur on the Earth’s surface. An earthquake’s depth can be considered shallow (less than 70km), intermediate (between 70km and 300km), or deep (300km to 700km) (Earthquake, 2014).