How to Make Gravy (Paul Kelly)-Does Absense Make the Heart Grow Fonder

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Paul has used a lyric and narrative like structure portraying the importance of having family there in Christmas Day. It is an example of informality due to the absence of structural form. There are emphasis techniques throughout the pride which highlIghts the regret and remorse for what Joe has done to get himself in prison. It is not clear to the audience of why Joe is locked away but he stresses how much he has "screwed up". As the piece progresses, the rhyming becomes less frequent and the use of repetition becomes more apparent when Joe says "I'm sorry". The use of repetition is powerful in this piece because it emphasises his remorse, regret and guilt. Alliteration has been used to make certain parts of the poem memorable and creates a sense of unity. The words "treasure and trash" are easy to remember for the reader. Joe knows he has "screwed up" and the reader is able to be empathetic towards his unfortunate state. Paul has created the theme of family and redemption, he has incorporated these into the Christmas time. Joes tone can be described as honest, solemn, sorrowful, regretful and pessimistic. Christmas is most commonly seen as a pleasant and joyful time, celebrated with family and friends but Paul clearly shows how this is not the case for everyone. There is no joy, optimism or happiness for Joe this Christmas and not even the family. Rita, will be just as sad as Joe because her husband is not there with her, with the family. Joe begins as a calm and collected character speaking about 'flying in from the coast' and 'driving down from Queensland.' As the piece progresses, Joe displays his emotional and uncontrollable state and it is evident to the reader as he shows how frantic and lost he is. He knows Christmas won't be the same without him, ' it won't taste the same.' In his mind change cripples him, change in Rita's love for him to Dan, he knows
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