How Hughes Portrayed the Themes of ‘‘Race’’ and ‘‘Class’’ in Father and Son

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In the short story Father and Son published in The Ways of White Folks written by Langston Hughes, the conflicts between the black and white are presented. Colonel Thomas Norwood and Bert Lewis, who are the father and son described in the title respectively, do not have a normal father-and-son relationship, because of racial segregation and their class. Also, the characters in the text, no matter the White or the Black, have certain socially constructed identities which affect their actions and how other people treat them. So, this essay will focus on the themes of race and class, using the Marxist Approach, in how Hughes presented them in terms of language and context. The text was set and written during the racial segregation period in 1920s-1930s. It was when the racial tensions in America reached boiling point. Discrimination against the racial minorities, especially the Negroes, could be seen everywhere- black and white are separated in public places including trains, parks and even cemeteries. Private schools of high quality could only be attended by white people. This matches with the situation faced by the Mulatto of the story- Bert Lewis, his family and also other black people working in the plantation. Unnecessary rules remind them of their low social status all the time. They are prohibited from wearing fine clothes in the plantation- Colonel Thomas Norwood, the white owner of the plantation and Bert’s biological father- orders them to put the clothes away. They are not allowed to go through the front door and they are allotted a smoky half-coach. Clearly, except having the relationship of slave and master, the white people do not want anything to do with the black ones. Therefore, the facilities they use are different, and the white folks are trying to do everything to separate them from the blacks. In the story, despite the fact that they are
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