Edward IV's reigns had faced many problems because of Warwick. Firstly Warwick believed Edward had not rewarded him enough by giving him the captain of Calais. Whilst other nobles such as William Herbert were also rewarded with high titles such as Lieutenant of South Wales. This had begun to create problems between Warwick and Edward, to add to insult Edward would not let Clarence marry Warwickshire daughter Isabel. As a result Edward decided to remove the Archbishop of York who had approved the marriage.
It is clear that the local rivalries among the nobility were a prominent factor in causing the outbreak of the civil war in 1455. However the evidence shows that it was in fact King Henry VI’s inadequacies that were the core cause of the conflict, as it was his inability to control these rivalries that allowed them to escalate, causing the War of the Roses. King Henry VI’s other inadequacies include his mistreatment of the nobility and his careless spending. Limiting factors to this argument include the view that the loss of France was responsible for the start of civil conflict however this is challenged by the fact some of the failures in France can be attributed to Henry’s inadequacies. Furthermore, over-mighty subjects, who presented a threat to the throne, were getting more powerful and wealthy therefore presenting a threat to Henry VI’s kingship.
Some of them came together and decided to say that they were pressured into picking Urban and that they need to elect a new pope because Urban is not legit. They elected Clement VII in 1378. This was bad because now the church was split between two popes. Clement VII has always been considered an anti-pope by the church. He stayed in Avigon and was strongly supported by the French.
Nevertheless, the truce wasn’t easy, espeically over the corrupted matter of Brittnany, whom the French wanted to succed, as Francis II wanted to marry Anne Duchess of Brittany. This would have put Henry in an awkward position, as Brittany was a potential ally for England as it was an important trade link for the English. By the French claiming Brittany, it would mean England was vulnerable for invasion, as they would have taken up the whole of the French coast across the channel. The potential alliance led to the commercial treaty of Redon, in February 1489, whom England promised miliatary defense from the French. This forced Henry to take an aggressive stance against France, and led to the invasion of France in 1492, which he led an army of 26,000 men, into Calais, proceded to the Port of Boulogne and then land to siege to it .
In order to continue battling France, the King forced from his barons greater taxes and additional military services, this angered the barons because he did not consult them before raising taxes; this was a violation of feudal law and custom. On top of angering the barons, King John also angered the citizens and the church as well. He was using unnecessary military force and demanded a ridiculous amount of taxes. Disagreements between Pope Innocent III, King John, and the English barons about the Kings rights were how the Magna Carta came to be written. A new Archbishop was to be elected; the candidates were the monks of Canterbury, and the other candidate was someone that the king favored, the Pope had the election take place in front of him, to see fair play.
This bad political move meant that York had grown in considerable force and had no choice but to fight the Lancastrians, otherwise he would go to prison or even be executed. The result of the First Battle of St Albans was devastating for the Lancastrians and gave an advantage to the Yorkists. Richard Duke of York’s two main rivals, the Duke of Somerset and the Earl of Northumberland, were both killed during the battle and Henry VI was captured by the Yorkists. The Lancastrians and Margaret had lost control of the Kingdom as Henry was now under Yorkist protection. This also meant that when Henry had his second breakdown later in 1455, Richard become Protector of the Realm until 1456 when Henry recovered.
There are many events that occurred in 1483 as a result of the weaknesses of Edward IV that led to the usurpation of the crown, such as the overmighty nobility, strong division between the Yorkists, the premature death of the King and the opposition of the Woodvilles. However there were also the personal ambitions of his brother Richard III, who had a strong powerbase in the North, needed to protect himself from the Woodville’s revenge, arranged the arrest and deaths of nobles in his way of the throne and imprisoned his own nephews. One of the biggest weaknesses in Edward’s reign was his nobility, who were hugely overmighty despite the fact that he had distributed less patronage in his second reign than he did in his first. Gloucester and the Woodvilles benefited in particular from his extensive patronage. In July of 1471 Gloucester was granted all of Warwick’s northern lands and to help him conduct the war against the Scots in 1480-82 he was also made Lieutenant General in the north.
* Sharpe acknowledged that the grounds for war were flimsy. * ‘Charles’ sense of wounded honour had initiated the conflict’ with Spain and England had merely ‘drifted’ into was with France, ‘not least as a consequence of the Duke of Buckingham’s personal quarrels with Cardinal Richelieu’. * With this being the case, why should Parliament be blamed for failing to maintain such wars arising from personal resentment? * Reeve’s “Charles I and the Road to Personal Rule” is, unlike Sharpe’s work, critical of Charles. * Having been forced into peace, Charles was inclined to stay at peace because of any resumption of wat would require a resemption of Parliament to pay for it.
King Louis XIV King Louis XIV of France had an impact on France and the French people. King Louis XIV was an unruly ruler of France over the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. He loved having all the power to himself and not trusting any other people. King Louis XIV believed in absolutism, which is the belief in an almighty Monarch to rule the country. King Louis could be considered a very destructive monarch to France’s reputation and to France itself.
Each pope excommunicated his rival's followers and courted kings for support, thus starting a rift within the Church that made an already uneasy situation worse. The problem was not resolved until 1417, when the Council of Constance restored order to the papacy. Significant damage to the prestige of the papacy, however, remained and helped set