The improvements that the French army had made during the reign of Charles V and thus, the subsequent similarities that had arisen between the two countries' armies, disappeared. Though the English were far outnumbered, they wrought a startling defeat over the French. Their defeat caused Charles VI to sign the Treaty of Troyes with the English in 1420. It ensured that upon his death, the rule of France would be handed over to Henry V. The treaty was complicated, however, when both Charles VI and Henry V died two years later. The kingship of both countries was given to Henry V's infant son.
How successfully did Henry VII gain international recognition through his foreign policy between 1485 and 1509? In order for Henry VII to gain respect and recognition from the other major European states he needed to develop a positive relationship with them. Countless allegiances and treaties made between the king and the other leaders in Europe helped gain Henry some recognition, but the likelihood of these methods failing and leading to tension between the nations was a huge obstacle for Henry to overcome. When Henry became king in 1485 he was in no position to start an aggressive foreign policy. Henry had little available soldiers in England due to the Wars of the Roses, or the necessary financial resources to fund such a campaign.
They claimed the ‘precedent of Richard II’s minority to support their actions.’ Though the council did rule fairly on the whole, it created a big problem. Henry VI became king at the age of 11 months after Henry V died in August 31, 1422. However before Henry V died, he had made many plans for his sons minority on his death bed. John, Duke of Bedford, was appointed senior regent of the realm and was in charge of the ongoing war in France. During Bedford’s absence, the government of England was headed by Henry V’s other brother, Humphrey, duke of Gloucester, who was appointed Protector and Defender of the Realm.
How successful was Edward VI in restoring royal authority in the period to 1470? Edward IV enjoyed successes and also failures in restoring royal authority in the period to 1470. Edward had some successes in dealing with over mighty subjects, for example, his marriage to Elisabeth Woodville shows that he was not controlled by an over powering Warwick. This was important as it showed both Warwick and the rest of the country that he was not controlled by Warwick and could make his own decisions. Another way that Edward IV proved that he was not a ‘puppet king’ as Henry VI was seen as was by removing Warwick’s brother, George Neville, as chancellor.
How successful was Henry VII in dealing with challenges to his royal authority in the years 1489-1499? 24 marks In the years 1489 to 1499, Henry dealt with three domestic uprisings, as well as foreign wars. The main challenges to his authority as king came from rebellions and pretenders to the throne. The fact that he was still on the throne until 1509 shows that he was successful at dealing with these challenges and was a capable and effective ruler. The Yorkshire rebellion in 1489, which was due to people in Yorkshire having to pay taxes for a war in Brittany, was not really a success for Henry; although he dealt with it sufficiently for it not to seriously affect his reign, it was not as much a success as he might have hoped.
In what ways was Dynastic Marriage important in Henry VII’s relations with foreign powers in the years 1487-1509? Foreign policy was a prominent issue throughout Henry VII’s reign. England was comparatively weak on the European stage, forcing Henry to follow a policy in which dynastic marriage was crucial in achieving peace, prosperity and international recognition of his kingship. However, not all dynastic marriages worked in Henry VII’s favour, some directly threatening England’s security. The aim of the marriages of Henry’s children into the royal houses of foreign powers was to establish the Tudor dynasty as rightful rulers of England.
This was evidently a great success as shortly after Napoleon was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. This defeat, and the ending of continuous years of war, undoubtedly formed the basis of Castlereagh’s policies as his time as Foreign Minister. Castlereagh foreign policy was geared towards sustaining peace that Europe had not experienced in quite some time. Because of this, his foreign policy was largely centred on trying to appease and creating allies and alliances to ensure greater stability in Europe. Unlike Castlereagh, Canning came to office as Foreign Minister in 1822 to 1827 and was largely able to experience the stability of peacetime among Europe.
In my opinion his health was the only factor causing him to gradually lose control. It was evident that Henry was still in control, I say this because in 1544 Henry proved he was willing to send soldiers into battle against the French. Furthermore in my opinion I think that Henry could clearly make decisions and take control, for example his attempts to even consider trying to help the economic issues, even though debasement was not a logical means of helping the economy Henry still looked through many options to help the
The chance of Henry being heir to the throne was in the smallest percentile. this was an huge barrier to overcome in order for Henry to rise to power although this barrier soon cease to exist as Arthur dies at the early age of 15 the cause of his death was unknown. the death of Arthur meant the destruction of the foreign treaty made by marriage between Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon and HENRY VII and this was the only foreign alliance his father had and this treaty kept out the threat of an invasion by France which was a formidable enemy. For the fact that this was the only foreign treaty/alliance made by his dad was also implied as a threat as the source said “His grip on the English throne had long been considered both illegitimate and untenable by most European powers“ this implies that England as an international power was weak, ineffective and the finance of England wasn’t the greatest compared to the rich and powerful France and this was a continuous threat that HENRY VIII as the king of England faced after a betrayal from Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon of Spain and also a failed invasion of France and now this caused an even more problematic issue as England faced multiple threat without the foreign treaty of Spain by the Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon. Even after the betrayal of Spain England would always be
* Whilst Richard was being protectorate to Edward V’s minority, the Duke of Buckingham was challenging the legitimacy of Edward V by saying his father was already contracted to marry when he married Elizabeth Woodville. * In addition to this however; Richards supporters wished for rewards only a king could possibly grant. * June 26 1483: