Hmong Essay

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THE SOUNDS OF HMONG William Chang December 15, 2005 Linguistics 110 Course Project Language & Language Consultant The Hmong (Hmong: Hmoob) are an aboriginal people group of China, referred to within China as Miao (Chinese: 苗族, miáozú). Starting in the 18th century, large numbers migrated to Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Myanmar. In the second half of the 20th century, as a result of the Indochina and Vietnam wars, some migrated to America, French Guiana, France, and Australia. The number of Hmong worldwide is very difficult to fix. Most Hmong live in China, and I have seen figures for the population there to range from 7 million (1999 figure, Ethnologue) to 10 million (2000 Chinese census, according to Wikipedia). A figure I have seen for the number of Hmong worldwide, however, is 6 million (1999 figure, Ethnologue). The language that my language consultant speaks is Hmong Daw (Hmong: Hmoob Dawb), or White Hmong, which henceforth will simply be called Hmong. The number of speakers of Hmong Daw is at least 165,000 worldwide (Ethnologue). It is mutually intelligible with Mong Leng, or Green Hmong. (The color words arise from traditional Chinese designations for the tribes based on the color of women’s dresses.) These are but a prominent two of many Hmong languages, of which Ethnologue reports 21. These languages are in turn related to other Hmongic languages such as Bunu, and they together in turn form the largest constituent in Hmong-Mien, which has 35 languages in all. No broader classification has had scholarly consensus. Traditionally Chinese linguists have held that Hmong is related to Chinese, but if there is any genetic relation at all, it is too distant to detect. Inquiries into the possibility of genetic relation with Tai, Austronesian, or Mon-Khmer languages have been inconclusive. It is true, however, that Hmong and Chinese share

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