“Infected rats must have left Kaffa (Caffa) on the Genoese ships. By the time the fleet reached Messina, all the crew were dead or dying; and the rats slipped unnoticed to the shore” (Altman 19). The Black Death had three known forms of the epidemic: bubonic, pneumonic, and septicemic. The European population had not experienced disease before. They did not have the defenses in their immune system to resist a disease their body didn’t know of.The Black Death was best known as the bubonic plague, because the first known symptom of the victims who were infected with the epidemic complained of painful swelling of their groin and armpits.
How important for the prevention of disease was Edward Jenner’s discovery of the smallpox vaccination in 1796? Edward Jenner took the first step in understanding and preventing infectious diseases by developing a smallpox vaccination in the year 1796. This was important as he saved many lives with this new discovery and improved previous methods of preventing disease. Future scientists such as Pasteur and Koch were also able to use Jenner’s work to develop vaccinations for other serious illnesses. However, it was also a limited discovery because it merely tackled one disease and his idea was only gradually accepted by other doctors.
At the start of the 20th century the average life expectancy was low as 50 years in the Caribbean. The single most important cause of death in adults was tuberculosis which is caused by and overcrowding housing. Malaria, yaws and venereal diseases were widespread. Hookworm disease affected people in every district. Hookworm bred where there was poor sanitation but was caught mostly by children and adults who had no shoes.
By 1350 there were some quite serious public health problems in towns, where the lack of fresh water and drainage was a problem which caused the water to be contaminated by other sources and was not healthy to drink. The government were not willing to donate funds to fixing this problem because they did not think it was their job to improve public health, but sometimes they passed laws requiring people to keep the streets clean especially in times when disease was common however these laws were difficult to enforce. Therefore, the Romans’ progress was not maintained. Meanwhile, animal excrement was common in the street and butchers slaughtered their animals and threw the remains on the streets which lead to disease and germs causing people to get sick. All this suggests that during the middle ages there was no progress in public health and that the standard of public health had gone backwards especially in the towns and cities.
They were unsafe because there were no regulations on how they were built. Some tenements didn’t even have windows or fire escapes. As a result many immigrants were caught and killed in fires (OK). Some groups tried to change the living conditions for the better. Immigrants worked in sweatshops that were dangerous.
According to “Document D”, in 1607 August through October “Summer sickness kills half the colonists” The summer of 1607 was so severe that it killed 50 people. This was more than half of the amount of people left. They in anyway couldn’t have known that such an aggressive summer would hit them. Unlike the 21 century, the colonists then did not have radars which could predict how the summer would be. They could not have saved
A plague most likely originating from Asia spread throughout Europe. Towns and even large cities had no garbage collection or a sewage system and this caused the crowded towns to become filthy and attract rats (OI). The Black Death caused social unrest and people pondered what was going on; many believed that God was punishing them while others claimed the Jews were to blame. With the Black Death overtaking the lives of everyone there were not many achievements or educational advancements during this time as all focus was on trying to get through the plague. After the fall of the Roman Empire there was no stable centralized government in Rome.
Kevin_Hilliard Reading & Literature Part II Section 3, lesson 1 assignment 1 3/5/2013 The Masque of The Red Death In the year 2023, there was a plague so devastating that the world could not bear. The “Red Death” was so devastating, it destroyed half the population. This horrific plague contained the most horrific manifestations. The manifestations consist of sharp pains, sudden dizziness, and profuse bleeding at the pores with disintegration. Anyone that the plague came upon, caused reddening stains on the face and the body would appear, which caused the individual to be thrown in a secluded quarantine factory.
Joshua Martin Western Civilization Essay #3 11/2/2013 The Black Death The Black Death or the Bubonic Plague or the Black pague are all names given to the worst epidemic of all times. From 1347 – 1351 a disease was spread throughout Europe, it brought with it pain, fever, lesions, coughing, shivers, vomiting and and falling to the illest of ill which includes swollen lymph-nodes. Most of whom succumb to this disease died within 3-4 days, the rest lived up to two weeks. The Black Death was caused by a Yersinia pestis a disease spread by fleas on the backs of mice and through the blood of fleas. There were so many deaths many could not be burried properly and were put in shallow graves which also helped the spread of the disease.
They were provided with no running water or sewage, which meant all of the waste went into the streets, washing out into the rivers, leaving the water contaminated. The women felt like they were slaves working in the factories. They believed their conditions were no better off, than how slaves lived. There was a division within the industrial working class. The women and children were paid less than the men.