Unit 1 Case Study 1: Tell me about blood. 1. Lower than normal Hematocrit indicates Anemia. Hematocrit does not have enough Hemoglobin which is an oxygen carrying protein in red blood cells that results in having Iron, B12 and Folic Acid deficiencies. The main causes of developing Anemia include: medications and pregnancy, but the more serious causes include: kidney disease and cancer of the kidney, also leukemia and lymphoma.
Since methemoglobin cannot carry oxygen, if enough too much of the enzyme is in the blood, the infant’s tissue and organs may be deprived of oxygen. This will cause him or her to develop a bluish coloring and possibly result in long-term digestive and respiratory
3. How does damage to the PNS affect the body? c. Some may experience temporary numbness, tingling, and pricking sensations, sensitivity to touch, or muscle weakness. Pthers may suffer from more extreme symptoms including, burning pain, muscle wasting, paralysis, or organ or gland dysfunction, people may become unable to digest food easily, maintain safe levels of blood pressure, sweat normally, or experience normal sexual function. In the most extreme cases, breathing may become difficult or organ failure may occur.
This means there is a problem with the body’s normal immune system response. In patients with an autoimmune disease, the immune system can’t tell the difference between harmful substances and healthy ones. The result is an overactive immune response that attacks otherwise healthy cells and tissue, leading to chronic inflammation. Lupus is diagnosed through blood test. Lupus is a tricky disease
If this fails, a pancrelipase and sodium bicarbonate solution may be instilled in order to "digest" the clog. Metabolic complications: Metabolic complications of enteral nutrition are similar to those that occur during PN, although the incidence and severity may be less. Careful monitoring can minimize or prevent metabolic complications. Refeeding syndrome: Refeeding of severely malnourished patients may result in "refeeding syndrome" in which there are acute decreases in circulating levels of potassium, magnesium, and phosphate. The sequel of refeeding syndrome adversely affect nearly every organ system and include cardiac dysrhythmias, heart failure, acute respiratory failure, coma, paralysis, nephropathy, and liver dysfunction.
Stress also increases the heart rate and can lead to the increase of blood pressure, thus Hypertension and can lead to Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). Although this disease can be caused by the indirect effects. Indirect effects of stress are associated with the bad habits that stress causes us to take part in, these included smoking, poor diet and alcohol abuse. These poor habits can thus lead to ill-effects on one’s health. These issues are more related to chronic stress rather than acute stress and it occurs for a long period, thus affecting health for a longer period.
Jaundice occurs because the rapid breakdown of abnormal red blood cells leads to a build up of a waste product in the body called bilirubin.The build up of bilirubin often leads to the formation of small crystal ducts called gallstones. Most gallstones do not cause symptoms but occasionally they can block the bile duct which drains bile from the liver into the bowel. This can trigger jaundice. Leg ulcer A leg ulcer can be painful it’s an open sore that develops on the lower leg, usually close to the ankle. Leg ulcers often develop after a skin infection or injury, such as a cut or puncture wound.
Use an explanation that’s founded in medicine and physiology. 5. Explain the Pathophysiology behind the patient’s abnormal heart rate. Answer: The patients cholesterol is elevated which could cause an abnormal heart rate but I also think it is due to the lack of the right amount of T3 and T4. 6.
This occurs because of the increased need for oxygen by the thickened ventricle and because of reduced blood flow to the coronary arteries. o irregular heartbeat which you may feel as palpitations. • If the narrowing is severe the left ventricle may not function properly and you can develop heart failure. This causes shortness of breath, tiredness, and fluid retention in various tissues of the body. See separate leaflet called 'Heart Failure'.
Pressure overload usually results from an obstructive lesion, such as COA c. Decrease contractility can result from problems such as sever anemia, asphyxia, heart block and acidemia. d. High cardiac output demands occur when the body’s need for oxygen exceeds the heart’s output