The evidence of sea floor spreading was further supported by Vine and Drummond, who studied the magnetic pattern of the sea floor. They found that the Earth’s magnetic field changes over time, because as magma from the mantle rises to the crust it cools but the basalt will align to the field it cools to. It is also found that on either side of mid oceanic ridges there were symmetrical magnetic patterns, so suggesting that the ocean was created at the mid oceanic ridges and as new ocean floor cooled, it pushed the crust away. Both Hess and Vine and Drummond found evidence that is crucial to the explanation of how continental drift happened, and it is very important in the development of geologists understanding, however other people found evidence to support continental drift also. Dan McKenzie went on to further explain sea floor spreading, being able to explain why new crust was made at mid oceanic ridges.
Thermal runaway reaction occurs when the heat generated by a reaction goes beyond the heat removal caused by the available cooling capacity. Heat is accumulated leading to a gradual rise in the temperature of the reaction mass; this causes an increase to the rate of reaction and increases the speed of rate of heat generation. [1] Why are thermal runaway reactions dangerous on industrial scale? Thermal runaway reactions are always said to be dangerous on an industrial scale since the reactions go faster in an industry where they tend to reach higher temperatures. As you would already know that exothermic reactions tend to release quite a large amount of heat, so when the reaction mixture gets very warm, a very hot exothermic reaction begins.
The amount of magma taken from beneath the summit has been small compared with the total amount of magma that has been erupted although the production rate of new magma has mostly kept up with the eruption rate. The rates of magma distribution could mean a very long lasting eruption. 8. Why does a fissure eruption's characteristics change over time? (page 100, para 1 to page 102) Over time magma can melt through the wall rocks and enlarge the plumbing allowing for more flow and a centralized vent such as the one in Hawaii.
It allows us to understand how sedimentary rocks, metamorphic rocks, and Igneous Rocks use one another to not only form the Rock Cycle, but also other processes that are important to our planet. The rock cycle beings with hot magma, deep below the earth’s surface. Once the magma dries, crystallization occurs, and results in igneous rocks. Over time weathering occurs to the igneous rocks. Over time weathering takes over the igneous rocks.
A heat exchanger is an instrument which transfers heat energy from a hot fluid to a cold fluid, with rates being maximum while the investment and running cost being minimum. Sometimes the media is separated by a wall such that the fluids do not mix or get into direct contact (Hebda 99). Heat exchangers have a broad area of use example being in ventilation, air conditioning and space heating. As the fluid passes through the exchanger it either loses or absorbs heat due to latent heat. This makes the temperature of the fluid in the system to change, and so does the temperature of the dividing walls between the two fluids.
Where is all this melting ice going? “Sea level rise is caused by two factors related to global warming: the added water coming from the melting of land ice and the expansion of sea water as it warms up” (Global Climate Change: Key Indicators, 2014). All these indicators data need to be studied as
Use the postulates of the kinetic theory to explain the following: i)Matter can exist in three states ii)The pressure exerted by a confined gas decreases as its temperature is lowered iii)A gas of low molecular mass will diffuse through air faster than a gas of high molecular masseven though both are at same temperature. The Kinetic Theory can be used to describe the three physical states of matter namely, solid, liquid and gas. In this theory, some basic assumptions has to be made: a) all matter is made up of extremely small particles b) these particles are in constant random motion c) all collisions between these particles are elastic, and d) mutual attractive forces exist between particles The explanation below gives more information about the three states of matter: i) solids > particles are held together in a regular pattern by strong attractive forces. > particles vibrate about in fixed positions. ii) liquids > vibrating particles have sufficient energy to move from their fixed positions to other parts within a liquid.
Describe sea floor spreading and explain why it is an important piece of evidence for advancing plate tectonics. -It is a theory where land is created at the ridges and is then split apart. 7. Describe the general relationships that exist among the following: distance from spreading centers, heat flow, age of ocean crustal rock, and ocean depth. The farther away the older, the closer to the spreading center the warmer and more active.
They changed because the molecules of hydrogen and helium were moving so fast that they eventually escaped the Earth. 14. Explain how the greenhouse effect works and how it relates to global warming. The greenhouse effect is when radiation at visible wavelengths passes freely through the atmosphere and is absorbed at the ground. The ground heats up and emits infrared radiation.
Also air conditioners exchange heat with atmospheric air, causing further local heating. Additionally, concrete, needed for the expansion of cities, absorb huge amounts of heat, increasing the mean surface temperatures of urban areas. Tall buildings, and often, accompanying narrow streets, hinder the circulation of air, reduce the wind speed, and thus reduce any natural cooling effects.