Hard Times - Ideas Of Modernity

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What ideas about Modernity do we see represented in Hard Times Book 1, The Sowing, and how does Charles Dickens use narrative techniques to represent them? Hard Times conveys numerous ideas of modernity, which can be represented cleverly through the use of narrative techniques. Dickens creates a series of caricatures to symbolise the way the disarranged society intermingled at the time, and to further convey the effects of modernity through these symbolic characters. Bounderby and Gradgrind are symbolic of the ideas of utilitarianism while in contrast, Sissy and Sleary emphasise the need of fancy still, even in a mechanised world. Louisa and Tom, products of Gradgrind’s fact-filled reasoning, represent the lost cases of this teaching method while Stephan and Rachael symbolise the victims of these new ideas. Coketown is also described in a way that repels the readers from it, while the Dickensian style helps to mock certain aspects of modernity that the characters symbolise. Dickens’ representation of the average upper class utilitarian is conveyed through the caricature of Mr Gradgrind. Mr Gradgrind’s personality fuels the intimate main plot of Hard Times, being a perfect model of a utilitarian. He oppresses his children and school students into learning “fact, fact, fact”, trapping them from any chance of releasing emotion and fancy. He drives his whole family into this way of life, creating an intimate strand of relationships that is based on the more bland ideas of modernity. This can be represented through satire. Dickens constantly mocks the words of Mr Gradgrind, from the start of the book, where he continually refers to him as “sir” and “a man”. Through telling his children to “never wonder” he has trapped them from “dreaming a child’s dream”. Ironically, he cannot even tell whether something is bothering his children. When Bounderby asks for Louisa’s
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