Small rings appear as the initial symptoms of the infection. If the fairy ring consists only of mushrooms or puffballs, with no stimulated grass growth, just simply rake off and dispose of these fungal structures. If handling the mushrooms, make sure to wash your hands when done because they are poisonous. If the lawn isn’t in horrible shape it is suggested to just disguise the symptoms by providing lots of water deep into the root zone, and apply a moderate rate of fertilizers. This should increase the vigor of the surrounding grass to the level it more like that of the grass in the fairy ring.
Effect of ammonium nitrate on Ceratopteris richardii Abstract: Ceratopteris richardii, also known as C-fern, is commonly used in research studies as a model plant because of its short generation time. In this experiment, we aimed to observe the effects of ammonium nitrate on this species of ferns. To achieve this, we inoculated and evenly spread three drops of C. richardii spores into two separate and sterile petri dishes, one control group and one experimental group. The experimental treatment contained 1% ammonium nitrate on the medium and the control treatment was merely a normal nutrient-rich agar. Then, we performed an f-test and a t-test to determine if there was any germination difference between the treatments.
We let them soak for 20 minutes than we removed them from the test tubes. Next we measured their new weights and recorded them. They were; 10% NaCl decreased by 4%, 15% NaCl decreased by 8%, and 20% NaCl decreased by 12.5%.The results showed us the conclusion that the potatoes were hypertonic to the deionized water and were hypotonic to the sodium chloride solutions. Introduction: The objective of this experiment is to detect diffusion and osmosis in potato cells in 3 solutions. Diffusion is the spontaneous spread of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Mud is a form of soil that is saturated with water. However just because mud also has moisture, bacteria, and organic matter, mud doesn’t have oxygen. By not having oxygen the apple will saturate itself with water and will not be able to breakdown the material by bacteria. Sand is a very dry environment and the apple will decompose over a time period but will not be as rapid. Sand is mostly made of material grains.
Misner and Curtis (2008) talk about a research which shows that plastic cutting boards are nonporous and therefore easier to clean and safer for cutting meat and poultry. Although wooden boards have antimicrobial qualities, they are porous and bacteria can become trapped in these surfaces and do not come off easily when rinsing. Because bacteria can live in a dormant state for a long time, they can contaminate foods when you use the wooden boards at different times. Even though plastic boards contain bacteria as well, they can be more easily washed off making plastic cutting boards the better option. 2.
First I made a water bath by filling the 100 mL beaker with cool tap water. I then placed crushed ice in the 100 mL beaker so the water level was just below the top of the beaker. I sprinkled a little salt in the ice water and mixed it well. I then filled the test tube half full with distilled water and set the test tube in the 24 well plate. I inserted the digital thermometer into the test tube and took reading every 30 seconds until the readings remained constant.
With a rod (spreader) that was dip in ethanol and then place under the busen burner in order to neutralize it; we spread the bacteria on every surface area of the petri dish. We wanted approximately 10 minutes for the bacteria to dry off, before applying the antibiotics. The three antibiotics were place in the center of the quadrants and a control was also place in the fourth quadrants carefully. Once this was done we close the petri dish and sealed it with parafilm for more protection for the environment of the bacteria. The two petri dish that contained E. coli and S. Marscensen were placed upside down and allowed the growth of the bacteria to interact with the antibiotics for a week.
Then measure the distance of each pigment starting at the bottom of the pigment origin to the bottom of the separated pigment band. In Exercise 4B: Photosynthesis/ The Light Reaction, chloroplasts are extracted from spinach leaves and incubated with DPIP in the presence of light. The spectrophotometer should be warmed up and set the wavelength to 605 nm. An incubation area should be set up, that includes a light, water flask, and test tube rack. We were provided with two beakers, one containing a solution of boiled chloroplasts and
Then proceed to decolorize with 95% ethanol until the ethanol running off the slide is clear. Briefly rinse with distilled water. Counter-stain with safranin (secondary stain) for 1 minute then rinse with distilled water and gently blot dry with a paper towel. Lastly observe slide using oil immersion with the 100x
INTRODUCTION TO WATER ACTIVITY Water activity (aw) is defined as the amount of water available for microbial (bacteria, yeast and mold) growth. Water activity is based on a scale of 0 to 1.0 with pure water having a water activity of 1.00. Usually products that contain lower percent moisture have lower water activities. For example, those products such as dried fruits, crackers and dried pastas have very low water activities. Those foods with lower water activities are quite shelf-stable in that they contain very little water available for microorganisms to use for growth.