Si, P, S and Cl are increasingly electronegative. They cannot form oxide ions from oxygen at all, so they behave as acids. The trend is from strongly basic oxides on the left-hand side to strongly acidic ones on the right, via an amphoteric oxide (aluminium oxide) in the middle. In addition, when going across the period 3 the acid-base nature of the oxides change from base to amphoteric and finally to become acid. This is because the less electronegative sodium has a weak Na-O bond and the oxygen is more easily given up to reacts with H+.
With a density of density 0.89990 g/liter. The freezing point of neon is -248.67° C, and the boiling point of neon is -246.048° C, which is even lower than the boiling point of nitrogen (-195.8°C). When under low pressure, neon emits a bright orange-red glow if a small electric current is passed through it. The electron configuration of neon is 1s22s22p6. The chemical properties of neon include the fact that it is not reactive because it has a full outer shell, and therefore cannot gain or lose any electrons.
By contrast, an electron in Bohr's model emits no energy, as long as its energy has one of the above-mentioned values. However, an electron which is not in the lowest energy level (n = 1), can make a spontaneous change to a lower state and thereby emit the energy difference in the form of a photon (particle of light). By calculating the wavelengths of the corresponding electromagnetic waves, one will get the same results as by measuring the lines of the hydrogen spectrum. Data |Quantum number |Radius (10-11) |Total Energy eV | |1 |5.29 |-13.60
How is the formula of a conjugate acid similar to its conjugate base, and how is it different? (2) They all transform to same molecules, vut Conjugate acid donates an H+ ion and conjugate base gains an H+ ion 10. Show how ammonia, NH3, is a base according to the Bronsted-Lowry definition, but not according to the Arrhenius definition. (Hint: See #8a.) (2) Although NH3 forms OH- with water, it did not donate any proton to form OH- but only gain.
Lactic Acid Fermentation can only produce 2 ATP (as in alcoholic fermentation) but ethanol is not produced. Lactic acid is toxic to cells, which means anaerobic respiration can only occur for short
DISPERSION FORCE / LONDON FORCE The London dispersion force is the weakest intermolecular force. The London dispersion force is a temporary attractive force that results when the electrons in two adjacent atoms occupy positions that make the atoms form temporary dipoles. This force is sometimes called an induced dipole-induced dipole attraction. London forces are the attractive forces that cause nonpolar substances to condense to liquids and to freeze into solids when the temperature is lowered sufficiently. Because of the constant motion of the electrons, an atom or molecule can develop a temporary (instantaneous) dipole when its electrons are distributed unsymmetrically about the nucleus.
Electrons do not emit radiation when orbiting in “allowed” energy levels and they do not spiral downwards. As stated by this idea, an electron which is in the first allowed orbit, has a principle that its quantum number (n) equals to 1 so the lowest state energy is called the ground state of the electron. Each electron has its own allowed energy level when it orbits, and electrons can only move from one energy level to another by absorbing or emitting
Dipole-dipole forces are permanent dipoles due to different electronegativity. Hydrogen bonding is a strong dipole that forms when H bonds to N, O, or F. [7] Nitric acid (HNO3) is a colorless, toxic, oxidizing, and corrosive liquid commonly used as laboratory reagent and for the manufacture of fertilizers and explosives. [8] It is completely miscible and has a dipole moment of 2.17D[2]. It contains one hydrogen bond and is a polar molecule. Water (H2O) is colorless liquid that’s the basis of life on Earth.
Properties of Compounds Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to determine whether an unknown substance was ionic or covalent compound based on some common characteristic such as melting point, solubility, and conductivity. Data: Table 1: Properties of Compounds Compound Physical appearance Melting point Solubility in water Solubility on cyclohexane Conducts electricity? H2O Clear liquid Nearly none None Cyclohexane Clear liquid None A Small crystals >277 °C Tube1: Partially Tube 2: Nearly none Strongly B White powder >277 °C Tube 3: Nearly none Tube 4: Nearly none Strongly C White crystals 187.06 °C Tube 5: Freely Tube 6: Partially None D Crystals 195.31 °C Tube 7: Nearly none Tube 8: Freely None E Small crystals >277 °C Tube 9: Freely Tube 10: Nearly none Strongly Results: After dipping the conductivity apparatus into each of the tubes that contained water, the compounds that conducted electricity were Compounds A, B and E. When a compound mixed with water conducts electricity it is considered an ionic compound. If a compound is not ionic when it dissolved in water it will not form ions, but will instead break up into molecules. Therefore compounds H2O, cyclohexane, C, and D are molecular compounds.
In the collision theory reactions can happen when the reactant particles collide successfully but most collisions are not successful. The reason is the particles have different kinetic energy but only a small fraction of has enough energy to break bonds and have chemical change. It can be observed by changing the factors of the reactants. For example: As the temperature is increased the reaction rate will increase. When we increase the temperature of the Hydrochloric acid (HCl) the reaction will be quicker, more gas will be formed in a short amount of time.