Atherosclerosis The major underlying cause of cardiovascular disease has been associated with atherosclerosis. This is the buildup of fatty deposits within the walls of arteries that restricts the flow of blood. Ultimately, the arteries may get blocked affecting the heart, brain and other parts of the body. This disease can begin in childhood. The linings of the arteries becomes thickened by fatty deposits called plaque.
When the mucus becomes abundant this triggers the cough reflex. C.) Which structures found in the terminal bronchioles and particulate matter? In the terminal bronchioles and alveoli there are macrophages, these would normally protect Cari’s lungs from infectious bacteria and particulate matter. D.) How would the resistance of Cari’s airways be affected by excess mucus and fluid in her lung? Cari’s airway would be affected by excess mucus and fluid buildup because the build up would cause resistance in her lungs due to the small diameter of space that is available.
Cardiovascular system: The heart pumps the blood around the whole body in order to carry oxygen in which the individual will be able to breather. Older adults may develop narrow arteries and other blood vessels; this is because many fats have increased inside the body in which increases the cholesterol levels and so the walls of the arteries are being narrowed, this may gradually become blocked if not taken care of. This is known as âatherosclerosisâ, it defines âatheroâ which conveys the fatty/unhealthy deposits, and âsclerosisâ conveys the arteries becoming much hardened. This process may consequently end up in an increase of the blood pressure which puts the individual at risk of stroke; this is when the blood is unable to reach the brain and may cause a heart attack. The heart is used the hardest in this life stage as the arteries harden the heart needs to pump harder and faster to ensure that the individual is still alive, this however, is considered a big risk for the individual as the blood pressure may increase to such that the individual may have a heart attack.
Smoking has caused the cilia in the respiratory passages to become paralyzed and secrete excess amounts of mucus, macrophages are being sent to her lungs continuously and is getting stuck in the mucus instead of fighting off the pathogens. D. How would the resistance of Cari’s airways be affected by excess mucus and fluid in her lungs? Cari is having issues with getting adequate oxygen by the pressure of fluid and mucus buildup in her lungs by not allowing her lungs to fully expand to get the quality of breath her body needs. E. How would Cari’s lung compliance (the effort required to expand the lungs) be altered as her alveoli fill with fluid due to pneumonia? Cari would have to put forth more of an effort to get a full breath due to the fluid
The fluid would have some of the alveoli under water where they could not function properly and there would also be more friction from the buildup. E. Cari’s lung compliance would increase from trying to force gases into and out of the alveoli. Those are filled with fluid due to the pneumonia. F. The fluid in Cari’s lungs would lower her total lung capacity by not allowing the space that is taken up by the fluid to be filled with air. G. The elevation in her respiratory rate would alter her minute ventilation by raising it.
When someone has asthma the bronchi will be more inflamed and more sensitive than normal. When they come into contact with something that will irritate their lungs, which is known as triggers. Their airways become narrow, the muscles around them tighten and there is an increase in the production in the production of sticky mucus. The cause of asthma is not fully understood, although it is known to run in families. Someone is more likely to have asthma if one or both parents have the condition.
CHF is a chronic, long-term condition although at times it can develop quite suddenly. When a heart’s muscles can no longer efficiently pump blood out of the heart wall, systolic heart failure occurs, and when blood is no longer able to fill the heart’s cavity due to stiffened heart muscles, diastolic heart failure follows. When the heart is no longer able to eject blood outside of the heart wall, blood is prevented from entering as well. This, in turn, will lead to fluid build-up in the lungs, liver, GI (gastrointestinal) tract, arms, and legs, and as a result, a lack of oxygen and nutrition to these organs and body parts ensues. Although CHF can develop on its own, other heart problems or conditions such as Congenital Heart Disease, hearts attacks, and arrhythmias (abnormal heart beats) can lead to CHF (Hunt).
Which causes short of breath. Chronic bronchitis is where it carries air to the lungs and becomes inflamed and a lot of mucus is produced. This makes it harder by the airways becoming narrow or
COPD also increases your risk of heart disease, including heart attack. COPD may limit your ability to be a functional part of society and may reduce your independence, sexual activity, social activities. This can lead to low self-esteem and result in severe depression and
Introduction “Pulmonary edema is a restrictive lung disease, which causes excessive movement of fluid from the pulmonary vascular system to the extra vascular system and air spaces of the lungs” (Jardins 273). In most cases pulmonary edema is due to heart failure, which is a condition in which the heart muscle has been damaged and can no longer pump adequate supply of oxygen to the rest of the body. This will increase the blood pressure which causes a back up and build up fluid in the lungs. Anatomic alterations of the lungs, etiology, its appearance on physical examination, hemodynamic indices, radiologic findings, management, and treatment options are all important factors when discussing pulmonary edema. Ultimately, they lead to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of pulmonary edema.