Explain the Meaning of the Term Causation

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Explain the meaning of the term causation In result crimes a casual link must be proved linking the defendant’s actions to the consequences. There are two different types of causation, factual causation and legal causation. Factual causation is where the ‘but for’ test comes into place, saying that the situation wouldn’t of had the same outcome if it wasn’t for the initial action. For example the but for test was proved in the case of Pagett where he used his pregnant girlfriend as a human shield to prevent being shot at, although he was guilty of manslaughter not murder if it wasn’t for him using her she wouldn’t have died. A case where the ‘but for test’ wasn’t proved was the case of White, this is because although he set out to poison his mother, she died of a heart attack which wasn’t linked. Legal causation is where there is a connecting conduct with resulting effect. This is where you see the ‘thin skull rule’ which basically says you take your victim as you find them. A case to support this is Blaue where a Jehovah’s Witness refused a blood transfusion after suffering multiple stab wounds. The defendant was guilty of manslaughter. Poor medical treatment is very unlikely to break the chain of causation however sometimes it’s so poor that it makes the defendants action insignificant. A case where medical negligence was so poor was the case of Jordan where he was given two doses of an antibiotic which his was allergic to, this lead to his death. The action of the doctor was so poor it broke the chain of

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