The goal of the experiment is to synthesize a bromohexane compound from 1-hexene and HBr(aq) under reflux conditions and use the silver nitrate and sodium iodide tests to determine if the product is a primary or secondary hydrocarbon. The heterogeneous reaction mixture contains 1-hexene, 48% HBr(aq), and tetrabutylammonium bromide and was heated to under reflux conditions. Heating under reflux means that the reaction mixture is heated at its boiling point so that the reaction can proceed at a faster rate. The attached reflux condenser allows volatile substances to return to the reaction flask so that no material is lost. Since alkenes are immiscible with concentrated HBr, tetrabutylammonium bromide is used as a phase-transfer catalyst.
The salts will be dissolved in distilled water by small quantities until the reaction reaches When ionic compounds dissolve in water, they either absorb energy from or release energy to the surroundings. If a chemical reaction absorbs heat from the surroundings, it is an endothermic reaction. If a solution releases heat to its surroundings, it is an exothermic reaction. The enthalpy of dissolution is the enthalpy change associated with the dissolution of a substance in a solvent at a constant pressure. The change in enthalpy relies on the concentration of the salt solution, because different concentrations will produce different enthalpies.
And limiting reagent which is the reactant that is completely consumed when a reaction is run to completion. III. Summary of Procedure In this lab the first procedure was to measure the initial temperature of NaOCl and of Na2S2O3 and measure it with a thermometer and then record it. The same thermometer is used for measuring both solutions, but the thermometer should be washed with distilled water after the using it in one solution. Afterwards a small amount of NaOCl was added to the graduated cylinder.
Experimental Design Steps Salt will be added to boiling water in three trials Trial 1: 1. 2 cups of water will be heated until temperature stops rising and that temperature will be recorded. 2. Add ½ tsp. salt, stir and record temperature.
In station B we tested the chemical reaction of decomposition; decomposition is the chemical reaction where the chemical compound is separated into elements or simpler compounds. In station C we tested the chemical reaction of double displacement; double displacement is the reaction where two compounds are replaced by two other compounds. In station D we tested the chemical reaction of single displacement; single displacement is when one compound is replaced by another compound. Each station is testing the law of conservation of mass by using each method in the lab. Purpose The purpose for this lab is to study the law of conservation of mass by using synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, and double replacement.
In order to understand the lab one must also understand endothermic and exothermic reactions. When a solid dissolves in water heat is either absorbed or released, which results in either an endothermic or exothermic reaction. An endothermic reaction is defined as the process in which energy, as heat, flows from the surrounding into the system. While an exothermic reaction is defined as the process in which energy, as heat, flows out of the system into the surroundings. When an endothermic reaction occurs, heat it taken in making the pack cool down, and in an exothermic reaction occurs heat is released making the pack warm up.
Lab #5 – Exp #2: Evidence for Chemical Change Name: Period: 2 Date Due: 1/27/12 Lab Partners: ______________________ Objective: • To observe the types of evidence that indicate a chemical change has taken place. • Infer from the observation of chemical change that a new substance has been formed. Procedures: 1. In the 250ml beaker, make a water bath by heating until boiling approximately 125 ml of water. 2.
ABSTRACT: The lab of “observations of chemical changes” was to observe the changes that occur in chemical reactions and attempt to interpret these changes. In these experiments it taught me how to interpret chemical reactions with acids and bases. Also, how one chemical can have many different reactions when combined with other chemicals and how to interpret each reaction as what it could mean. I discovered not only how to measure out a well-balanced chemical combination to receive a reaction but to know how to test for acids and bases using a few different methods. Other tests also included in this experiment were testing for Sodium Bicarbonate, and Starch.
Then by filtering, iodide can be extracted which when combined with other substances can make an iodine tincture, that is a pharmaceutical product. * Can a single substance be isolated from a mixture? Yes a single substance can be isolated from the seaweed mixture by using methods such as filtration and evaporation. In our experiment we used filtration using a filter paper funnel to extract the iodide from the tincture. * What is this substance This substance is iodide Confidence Report The aim of extraction, is to separate a part of raw material, using a solvent such as water with heat.
INTRODUCTION: This experiment aims to demonstrate liquid-liquid extraction. Chemicals used were 18.0 M Acetic Acid, Toluene, Phenolphthalein and 0.1M Sodium Hydroxide. In this experiment, the process of titration was used in order to determine the amount of acetic acid, which was done in three different procedures (1 trial each). The calculations took place right after accomplishing all