The core concept of nursing is the diversity in healthcare settings dealt with the disparity between theorist of Florence Nothingale and Jean Watson. Florence Nothingale environment theory and metaparadigms will help establish the criteria which identify where and when nurse apply the core concept of nursing practice on a daily basis. Jean Watson theory is the philosophy and science of caring which is interrelated theories of Florence nightingale concepts. To understand these theory we have to understand the core concept of knowledge that will establish the path of explanations and give the meaning of a phenomena of nursing practice. These nursing practices must base on nursing theories we are using in the clinical setting of practice.
Research is the systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions (Oxford Dictionary 2011). The ultimate goal of research is to develop, refine and expand upon a body of knowledge providing evidence to either support or reject clinical practice (Polit and Beck 2004). Evidence based practice is broadly defined as the use of the best clinical evidence in making client care decisions (Polit and Beck 2004), and is agreed to ensure safe practice (Sackett 1996). By giving care based on evidence, a nurse acts as an advocate, working to their Code (NMC 2008a), helping clients to access relevant health and social care. In this essay the author looks at the role of the nurse in managing the safe withdrawal of clients detoxifying from alcohol on an inpatient unit.
Today, considerable focus in nursing science has been on integration of knowledge into practice, largely with increased attention to evidence based practice and translation research (McEwen & Willis, 2014). There are different types of nursing theories and these theories are developed for the purpose of explaining and describing nursing care. Examples include; Environment theory, Interpersonal theory, Adaptation theory, Goal Attainment theory, etc. I have chosen to focus on Dorothea Orem’s self-care theory for the purpose of this paper in which I will analyze the importance of nursing theory and highlight the key ideas of the self-care theory. Importance of Nursing Theory Nursing theory provides the foundation for nursing research which develops nursing practice.
The theory is a framework that healthcare professionals can use to provide a basis for self-care and symptom management in the chronic disease patient. Keywords theory analysis, UCSF Symptom Management Theory, Symptom Management Model, chronic illness, chronic disease Introduction Symptom Management and its relationship with chronic disease has been named a research priority in the nursing profession (NNRA Process, 2006). The development of theories to guide research and Evidence Based Practice in this area is crucial, with further progress through analysis and application to practice. The UCSF Theory of Symptom Management (SMT) provides the guidance for the nurse to understand patient symptoms with better assessment, support and treatment in nursing practice. The symptom is usually what brings the patient to seek out health care (Humphreys et al., 2008) and adherence to treatment by the patient is crucial.
They can range from being very basic in nature to the most complex of emphases. Most generally, a theory is centered on a theorist's viewpoints, indirect or categorical assumptions, and more than likely the theorist’s own experiences with the topic at hand. Concepts are developed and their structure and relationships are described in great detail. This then leads to the strategies being developed and the theories being tested through research. If a theory is proven, it can help to develop nursing science and be used in nursing practice to accomplish numerous results such as identifying standards of care to direct, evaluate, and predict patient care/outcomes, for example (Cherry & Jacob, 2011).
It also contributes to patient care by classifying nursing phenomena and standardizing language among nurses. Nursing diagnoses are scientific interpretations of data that appeared and that are used to guide planning, implementation, and evaluation of nursing practice. The use of nursing diagnoses gives more visibility to nurses, whose caregiving has previously been invisible or unrecognized(20). Defining characteristics and factors are related to nursing diagnoses. Those characteristics are passible clues of observations and checks.
2005; Spouse: 2001). Several teaching methods are part of the nursing curriculum and two pedagogical models, behaviorism and constructivis, are included; Handwreker suggests a greater emphases on clinical training to bridge the aforementioned gap. Behaviorism involves the belief that human behavior can be modified based on stimulus and response. In the learning process reinforcement for desired behavior and accomplishment is presented in different methods like high test score, performing a specific skill, or a passing grade for the assignment. Accredited organizations for schools of nursing including Board of Nursing and entities such as the National League for Nurses Accrediting Commission help to maintain the behaviorist approach by setting standards for nursing programs.
Virginia Henderson Brooke Beikmann and Mallory Backstrom Fort Hays State University Virginia Henderson Theory is defined as the systematic abstraction of reality that serves some type of purpose, usually including sets of concepts, definitions, and propositions. Nursing theories are known to evolve instead of being purposely made. “Nursing theories are the creative products of nurses who seek to thoughtfully describe the many aspects of nursing in ways that could be studied, evaluated, and used by other nurses” (Sitzman & Eichelberger, 2011). Virginia Henderson’s theory will help to explain the different concepts of nursing and how they are critiqued. “Virginia Henderson was born in Kansas City, Missouri, on November 20, 1897.
INTRODUCTION Nurses worldwide need to continually look for “solutions, choices and outcomes for patients that represent the best available knowledge internationally” (Hamer and Collinson 1999 p.4) to constantly improve and validate nursing care. The Nurses and Midwives Board New South Wales (NMB NSW) Strategic Plan 2004 to 2007 includes an objective to promote education and research related to contemporary practice and educational programs leading to registration, enrolment and authorisation (NMB NSW 2006 clause 2). The United Kingdom Nursing and Midwifery Council (UK NMC 2002 clause 6.5) require a registered nurse or midwife to maintain their professional knowledge and competence by delivering care based on current evidence, best practice and, where applicable and available, validated research. Such an objective can be achieved if nurses and midwives develop an understanding of the research process and demonstrate an ability to retrieve and critically assess research findings. Critical awareness is crucial to being a registered nurse or midwife.
Within each of the roles of scholarship are the nursing core values of caring, integrity, diversity, and excellence (NLN). The scholarship of knowing seeks to build on the current foundation of nursing knowledge through the identification and research of health issues. Empirical and historical research, theory development, and methodological studies, generate new knowledge that forms the basis for new nursing theories and evidence-based practice. The APN scholarship of teaching assimilates new and existing knowledge, and transfers this information from expert to novice, teacher to student, and healthcare provider to the patient. The APN may teach by role modeling, or mentoring of students and new nurses.