Eysenck has conducted personality and genetic studies which support his theory., criminals and non-criminals were compared and crimples were found to score more highly on the P and N scale. Murray supports this stating that the main cause of crime is lack of intelligence which is a biologically predetermine factor, however Lilly et al states that IQ different account for less than 3% of differences in offenders. Furthermore Eysenck’s theory only explains spontaneous crime such as joyriding and not crime which is predetermined such as serial killers who many plan their kills in advance. Right realists also believe that offending is more likely due to inadequate socialisation. 70% of young offender come from lone parent families.
Using Material from Item B and elsewhere, assess sociological explanations of ethnic differences in offending and victimisation. According to official statistics there are significant ethnic differences in the likelihood of being involved in the criminal justice system. Black and Asians are overrepresented in the system. For example black people make up 2.8% of the population, but 11% of the prison population. Contrastingly whites are underrepresented.
Why are female murderers represented so differently to men in broadcast fiction and news media? Female murderers are seen as more extraordinary and deviant than their male counterpart. Assumptions about gender roles and the ‘correct’ behaviour for men and women are reflected in how the media report crime and criminals, it is reflected in their use of stereotypical views of women. Bronwyn Taylor in (Marsh and Melville, 2010) researched how crime was reported in the print media and found significant differences between male and female criminals in the way their crimes were reported, the crimes themselves and the seriousness of them. Where females were the offenders, the emotional and irrational nature of the crime were outlined whereas for males the violence was made to seem ‘normal.’ Words such as ‘unnatural’ ‘unfeminine’ and ‘sadistic’ are boldly written in newspaper headlines when describing crimes committed by females, their appearances and lifestyles, unlike their male counterparts, are also of major interest.
Racial Disparity in Sentencing Racial disparity in sentencing can cause problems within a community. Public outcry can stir tension between the police and the community, people from different socioeconomic backgrounds, and can even cause riots, like in the case of Rodney King vs. the L.A. police department. This is why it is important for the justice system to be aware of the disparities in sentencing, and make an effort to fix the problem. Before the problem can be fixed the problem needs to be identified. The idea behind this research is to try and point out some of the disparities in sentencing, and possibly offer some potential ways to reduce the problem.
The consequences for breaking the contract of law can result in minor to severe punishments. People define crime in many different ways because people have their own perspective of what crime is. Different countries and states have different laws and different and they each have specific consequences for committing various crimes. Severe crimes such as murder, rape, aggravated assault, and robbery most of the time require more severe punishments than crimes such as vandalism, theft, forgery, and embezzlement. Crime has also been defined as deviant behavior that goes against what is
This is a dangerous trend that can inhibit effective law enforcement and ultimately endanger the lives of all persons who depend on law enforcement for protection. Racial profiling is a human rights violation that can affect Americans in virtually every sphere of their daily lives and often has an impact that goes far beyond the initial incident. As the testimonies summarized in this report reveal, this seemingly abundant human rights violation leaves its victims feeling humiliated, depressed, helpless, and angry. Furthermore, racial profiling reinforces residential segregation, creates fear and mistrust, and engenders reluctance in reporting crimes and cooperating with police officers. In these times of domestic insecurity,
Power-control theory beliefs that young men in patriarchal families will be likely than their sisters to commit crimes. So in more egalitarian families, there should be more equal rates of crime for boys and girls. Linking to changes in the structure of the American family could be speculated to the increasingly egalitarian family structures. Where fathers presumably pay more attention to their children and boys are therefore more controlled than they would be in a more traditional patriarchal family where the father works and the mother cares for the family. 2.
I have concluded that substance abuse is a huge contributor to crimes being committed. The lack or decrease in moral intuition and character can cause a person to make bad decisions. This would cause people not to understand the benefits of to abiding to common social values. A person demographics can also play a role in determining whether or not an individual will turn to a life of crime. Government officials, politicians, and courts employees have concluded that individuals commit crimes for private alternatives and they should be punished and held responsible for their actions and conduct.
For example the majority of this criminal subculture will feel materially deprived, which they will blame of society not meeting their needs. They will then resort to crime in order to obtain this materialism. There is also many other cultures within this main sub culture, for example drug takers or hippies. These sub cultures offer a sense of ID to the individual and allows them to integrate into their new society which they may not have otherwise been able to do into main society. However, subcultures alone cannot explain the trend in crime and deviance there are many other factors contributing such as the individual.
Using material from item A and elsewhere assess the usefulness of sub-cultural theories in explaining sub-cultural crime and deviance in society today. Subcultures, such as the ones mentioned in item A consist of a group of people whom share the same norms and values together, yet oppose mainstream culture. Criminals are seen to become part of a subculture as their values are different to normal society. These criminal individuals have rejected society’s norms and invented their own as they feel that society has rejected them, which means they become materially deprived and blame society as it has not met their needs. However, the criminals resort to things such as burglary to maintain materialistic property.