P1- Describe forms of abuse which may be experienced by adults. P2- Describe indicators that abuse may be happening to adults. Type Of Abuse Definition Of The Abuse Example Of The Abuse Indicators Of The Abuse Physical Physical abuse is abuse involving contact intended to cause feelings of intimidation, injury, or other physical suffering or bodily harm. Striking, punching, pushing, pulling, slapping, biting, whipping, striking with an object, kicking, tripping, kneeing, strangling, rape, placing in stress positions (tied or otherwise forced) and withholding food or medication. Injuries (bruises, lacerations, cuts, burns, bite marks, fractures, etc.
Overall, the debates focuses on whether the change is crucial to protect women and children or are the proposed changes are really just about placating the critics. The objective of this and other similar papers is to present an evaluation of the current system and make recommendations for changes. The common thread among these papers is the focus on children’s exposure to domestic violence and the fact that it is now considered a form of child abuse. The main concern is for the victim’s welfare, especially those of the children, after the courts have passed judgements. The paper also challenges the FCA and the Family Magistrates Court (‘FMA”) to regard and interpret family violence between adults as child abuse.
Safeguarding Vulnerable People The Information Booklet All adults have the right to be safe from harm and live a life free of abuse, neglect and exploitation. Safeguarding Vulnerable People Who is a vulnerable adult? • Essex County Council is committed to safeguarding vulnerable adults and their families from abuse. • Regrettably, every day, vulnerable people in Essex and across the UK suffer abuse of some kind. • When abuse is reported, Essex County Council and its partner agencies for example, Essex Police, NHS and the voluntary services will take joint action to ensure vulnerable people are safeguarded from further abuse, and their risks are managed appropriately.
Every situation of elder abuse may need a different approach with preventative strategies. As stated, “some examples of strategies include: Abuse Registries & Criminal Background Checks, addressing ageism, advance planning tools, and public Awareness”. Generally, the term “abuse registry” refers to a list of offenders with proved occurrences of abuse and with many cases it is used to conclude whether certain people should be forbidden from working with defenseless people or in specific situations, like a home for elders. Registries are sometimes thought of as a preventative “line of defense”. With registries individuals have been discovered to have abused an adult or elder during a background check for job inquiries.
UNIT 22- CATB UNIT RESEARCH Maria Querido 1.1.-Joint commitee Human Rights(2008), adults whid LD, the importance of human rights, living whid LD the treatment of adults wihd LD in health and residencial care settings, parenting and family life, the criminal justice settings, barriers to an ordinary life and putting human rights principles pratice. Legislation- Care Standards Act 2000- The aim of this act is to reform the law relating to the inspection and regulation of various care institutions.It also includes the protection of vulnerable aduts. Disability Discrimination Act 1995 and 2005-The Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) aims to protect disable people from discrimination. This act extended in2005 now giving disable people rights
DISCUSS THE PROBLEMS IN MEASURING AND DEFINING CRIME AND DEVIANCE. INTRODUCTION This paper will discuss the problems faced whilst trying to define and measure crime and deviance whilst also explaining the differences and relationship between crime and deviance. Criminologists have created means of measuring crime which this paper will explore and identify problems which will occur during the recording of crime and will explore influences on crime and crime statistics. DEFINING CRIME AND DEVIANCE Defining crime or deviance is diverse amongst the many different cultures, history and from one social context to another (new texts pg 138) which causes a big problem whilst defining and measuring crime or deviance as what is believed to be criminal or deviant behaviour in one society may be seen as legal or normal behaviour by another society. There are many theories relating to deviance and crime with each theory illustrating a different aspect of the procedure by which people break rules and are classed as deviants or criminals.
Victims and Victimization Jessieca Omowele Keiser University Criminology September 18, 2011 Professor Colon Abstract Until the 1980s, the study of crime and deviance focused on the criminal or deviant, or on the social processes that labeled particular actions as criminal or deviant. From the 1980s onwards, there has been an interest in the study of the victims- who they are, the interactions between criminal and victim, and the effect of crime or other deviance on the victim (Abercrombie, Hill and Turner 2006). Victims and Victimization Victims were once viewed to be “in the wrong place at the wrong time” but that changed more than 60 years ago when studies found that, the victim’s own behavior is important in the crime process. Victims were found to influence criminal behavior by playing an active role in a criminal incident, such as when an assault victim initially provokes an eventual attacker. Victims can also play an indirect role in a criminal incident, such as when a woman adopts a lifestyle that continually brings her into high-crime areas (Siegel 2011).
These concept explain crime at levels of the society, the individual, and the group. An individual’s potential for criminality depends on the competition between associations that treat criminal behavior positively and those who treat it negatively (Vandelay, 2010, p.1) The main points of Sutherland’s Differential Association Theory are the nine propositions which are one that criminal behavior is learned second which is similar to the first proposition is that criminal behavior is learned in interaction with other people in an attempt to communicate. The third main point or proposition is that the principal part of the learning of criminal behavior occurs within intimate personal groups. The fourth main point is that when criminal behavior is learned, the learning includes; the techniques of committing the crime which are sometimes complicated or very simple and the specific motives, drives, rationalizations, and attitudes. The fifth main point is the specific direction of motives and drive is learned from the definition of the legal codes whether it is favorable or unfavorable.
Introduction Secondary victimisation is where the victims of crime are treated with disrespect and have had their basic human rights ignored. In certain instances, this secondary victimisation can be far more traumatic to the victim than the initial crime. Not only can the secondary victimisation be due to the treatment by criminal justice officials, but also by the victim’s family, friends or community. Secondary victimisation in the court process Secondary victimisation refers to behaviours and attitudes of social service providers that are "victim-blaming" and insensitive, and which traumatise victims of violence who are being served by these agencies. A victim of rape (primary victimisation), for example, may be subjected to victim blaming and ostracism as the result of the attack; those who become disabled (primary victimisation) may be subjected to non-accommodation, medicalization, and segregation; and those who develop mental disorder (primary victimisation) may be subject to institutionalisation, that in each case may be far more victimising to these individuals and limiting of their life opportunity than the primary victimising stigmatic condition itself, and are thus called secondary victimisation.
Definition of Key Concepts 2.1 Criminal Profiling ( Hard evidence profiling) According to Turvey 1999, the process of inferring distinctive personality characteristics of individuals responsible for committing criminal acts has been commonly referred to as ‘criminal profiling.’ These include biographic details of the perpetrator, crime-scene analysis, and so on. 2.2 Criminological Profiling (Soft evidence profiling) According to Joubert, Hesselink & Marais 2003, criminological profiling is the assessment of criminal behaviour which includes assessing the victims’ credibility, motives & causes of the crime, modi operandi, personal & family background, post offence behaviour & appearances. 2.3 Risk Assessment The assessment of risk involves predicting how likely it is that the individual will in the future commit crime, or reoffend. 3. Main Views The main purpose of the profile is to investigate a crime in order to successfully apprehend the perpetrator, provide investigators with relevant leads & strategies & to help gain insight into the offenders state of mind before, during & after the commission of the crime, whereas the main objective of prediction is to identify the risk factors that are involved in reoffending &