This paper will discuss the 8 psychosocial theories that Erikson made and will analyze the validity of each of the stages. Erik Erikson was born in 1932 at Frankfurt Germany to Danish parents. Under the direction of Anna Freud, the daughter of the late Sigmund Freud, he began to study psychoanalysis. After spending time traveling around Europe, he moved to Boston, Massachusetts in 1933 and filled a position at Harvard Medical School as America’s first child analyst (Sharkey, 1997). In addition to working at Harvard Medical School, he also had a private practice in child psychoanalysis.
In 1896 as director of the psychology department at the University of Pennsylvania; Lightner Wilmer (former student of Wilhelm Wundt), was responsible for the doors opening to the first psychology clinic (Compas & Gotlib, 2001). Wilmer inspiration began with assisting a young child who had difficulties with spelling; which ultimately is how he originated the first periodical in the field of psychology. It was through the opening of the psychology clinic that “clinical psychology” derived. By 1914, these clinics expanded throughout the United States. Clinical psychology is defined as “the study of individuals, by observation or experimentation, with the intention of promoting change” (Compas & Gotlib, 2001).
(Martin) After Erikson had graduated from art school, he began to teach at a private school in Vienna. He attended the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society. He also taught in a small private school and educated himself as a Montessori teacher. Erikson studied psychoanalysis with Anna Freud, the youngest of Sigmund and Martha Freud's six children. (Astor) He married a woman whose name was Joan M. Serson and had two sons with her.
Question Part 2 Prepare a short report in the form of a two- page handout for parenting classes (800 Words). Support & Guidance handout for Parents on Bandura & his Colleagues research into imitating aggressive behavior The Aim of the Report: * Summarise Question Part 2 Prepare a short report in the form of a two- page handout for parenting classes (800 Words). Support & Guidance handout for Parents on Bandura & his Colleagues research into imitating aggressive behaviour The Aim of the Report: * Explain the main concepts of their experiments * Analysis of results * Explain how this can help Parents Bandura & Colleagues Background Albert Bandura was born in 1925, in Alberta, Canada. As an undergraduate at the University of British Columbia and then a postgraduate at the University of Iowa, in the USA he studied Psychology. After Graduating, he took his first post at Stanford University in 1953 where he has worked ever since.
This lasted for a year and he returned to Germany and enrolled in art school. After several years, Erikson began to teach art and other subjects to children of Americans who had come to Vienna for Freudian training. He was then admitted into the Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute. He moved to the United States and became a U.S. citizen in 1939 where he taught at several major universities including Harvard, Yale, and the University of California at Berkley. Erick Erikson believed in the Neo-Freudian
A summary of Alfred Adler’s Biography Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental process. In fact psychology is a very big field, and is filled with a lot of psychologists who have their own perspectives about how the human brain works. Alfred Adler a very outgoing, popular and an involved scholar, was born on February 7, 1870 in the suburbs of Vienna, had a very rough childhood, in which he couldn’t walk until the age of four and he was diagnosed with pneumonia that almost killed him. These horrific events inspired him to be a physician and they could be the reason behind his big achievements during his lifetime. Thus, Alfred Alder received his medical degree from the university of Vienna in 1895 and got married in 1897 to a Russian intellectual and social activist whom he met during his university years.
Lawrence Kohlberg was born into an affluent family in 1927, in Bronxville, New York. He attended a private academy during his high school years in Andover, Massachusetts. Kohlberg signed up to become an engineer on a ship during World War II and as a result became involved in a plight to help the Jews in Israel by smuggling them out of the country. He then enrolled in the University of Chicago and obtained his bachelor’s degree within the year. He continued with pursuing his graduate work in psychology, and became entrenched in the ideology of Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development.
He was also trained in adult psychiatry from Maudsley Hospital. John Bowlby was the pioneer behind the development of attachment theory. He presented his work entitled as “A Secure base” in 1988 in which he emphasized on the need of parental love and care for a child. Besides that, he also developed understandings in the field of evolutionary biology, cognitive science, control systems theory, developmental psychology and biology. He worked with renowned scientists such as Konrad Lorenz and Niko Tinbergen in the field of ethology.
After several years, Erikson began to teach art and other subjects to children of Americans who had come to Vienna for Freudian training. He was then admitted into the Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute. In 1933 he came to the U.S. and became Boston's first child analyst and obtained a position at the Harvard Medical School. Erik Erikson explored three aspects of identity: the ego identity (self), personal identity (the personal idiosyncrasies that distinguish a person from another, social/cultural identity (the collection of social roles a person might play). Erikson’s psychosocial theory of development considers the impact of external factors, parents and society on personality development from childhood to adulthood.
This paper is a brief description of the important figures in the history of psychology and the three major levels of analysis in psychology. Important Figures in the History of Psychology Philosophers’ thinking about thinking started from 300 B.C.E with Aristotle and continued until the birth of psychology, as we know it. With activities ranging from the study of nerve cell activity to the study of international conflicts, psychology is not easily defined and these discoveries were made from some very interesting philosophers. (Myers, 2011) In the 2002 study ranking the 99 most eminent psychologists of the 20th century, B.F. Skinner topped the list. Skinner's staunch behaviorism made him a dominating force in psychology and therapy techniques based on his theories are still used extensively today, including behavior modification and token economies.