Everything else is good only insofar as it creates pleasure, and bad only insofar as it creates pain. Apart from pleasure and pain, nothing has any value at all. The theory is utilitarian because it holds that the only thing that is relevant to the goodness or badness of an action is its effect on the amount of pleasure and pain in the world. Actions that bring more pleasure than pain into the world are good. Actions that bring more pain than pleasure into the world are bad.
Investment theory focusses on the extent to which commitment is determined by investment in a relationship rather than solely satisfaction or reward. Rusbult (1983) argued that the more someone invests in a relationship (whether in financial, temporal or emotional terms), the greater their commitment to that relationship. Rusbult & Martz (1995) used the basic principles of the investment theory to offer explanation as to why individuals stay in abusive relationships. In such cases, quality of alternatives becomes a significant factor in the continuation of what may be perceived by others
The purpose is to argue that potential organ donors should be rewarded for their generosity .In addition, Satel argues the current system of altruistic donation is yet noble, it is not the most motivating course for organ donation out of all the alternatives to save people’s lives. The author gives examples including her own organ recipient experience to illustrate how the current system can be altered and improved otherwise the only people who would volunteer to donate organs would be ones that no longer needed them, the deceased. Satel pinpoints the short comings with the current system and offers rebuttals to altruism supporters. Compensation is given for blood plasma donated at clinic. “Today we routinely assign valuation to the body.
Instead of profiting from a high yield the producers will lose customers because of their anxiety towards the foreign milk. Hypothetically the producers would have benefited from the advancement, but realistically, nations worldwide would want a guarantee that their people are not going to be harmed. It is natural for people to be scared of change, and the fear of genetically altered food is a prime example of
To keep them motivated, the managers will offer discounts as such on in-store items or chances of promotions. If the managers don't motivate their employees then the manager will be constantly replacing them as they under-perform or quit. | The trustees want the NSPCC to do its job successfully. Trustees are in charge of the financial decisions so they can look at how their funding can be used most effectively in achieving the organisation's goals. If the Trustees do not monitor the funding then they may overspend and put the organisation in debt.
The fourth theme could be about how greedy it is for someone to ignore other person's needs or use other people to enrich their life, just like Pelayo and Elisenda; they use the old man to make money. Last but not least, the central idea could be a moral lesson for everyone and especially for children as the subtitle indicates, “A Tale for Children.” The moral lesson is not to mistreat or disrespect the elders because no matter what happens, they are still human beings with dignity. The other moral lesson is that children should not disobey their parents because if they do, they will be changed into a spider. In regards to characterization, the author describes the protagonist, who is an old man, as a very patient person in general; however, the old man also has some rage in him when the
People say different things: so do instincts” (pg35). The Tao should not be changed from the outside but the inside. Developing the Tao from the inside means to make the ideas stronger and not change them entirely but to build on to the core. Changing it from the outside would remove and undermine the core of values that keep people from destroying other people. The Tao is one’s fundamentals of life, reasoning
Under this situation, if the other members just conform blindly for the fear of being left alone by others, the out-of-date food sold in the market might hurt the health of the consumers and negatively harm the company’s long term benefit in the end. On the other hand, there is also another reason why we should avoid conformity that is because to conform blindly to the former conclusion might limit the process of innovation. Think about all the great inventions in human history, none of them is result of conformity but instead they are the result inventor’s innovation and the result of breaking the stereotype. Only by getting rid of conformity can we increase the speed of a society’s
Positive incentives on the other hand leave you better off financially and socially. Positive monetary incentives include coupons, sales, discounts and interest earned on investment accounts (Econedlink, 2013). Positive moral and social incentives would include helping others by donating blood, or giving funds to a charity to assist the less fortunate. Both negative and positive incentives motivate the behavior of people. A great example of an economic incentive that effects the monetary and the moral betterment of people would be the Hybrid Tax Credit.
He also includes its "fecundity" (will more of the same follow?) and its "purity" (its pleasure won't be followed by pain & vice versa). In considering actions that affect numbers of people, we must also account for its EXTENT. John Stuart Mill adjusted the more hedonistic tendencies in Bentham's philosophy by emphasizing (1) It is not the quantity of pleasure, but the quality of happiness that is central to utilitarianism, (2) the calculus is unreasonable -- qualities cannot be quantified (there is a distinction between 'higher' and 'lower' pleasures), and (3) utilitarianism refers to "the Greatest Happiness Principle" -- it seeks to promote the capability of achieving happiness (higher pleasures) for the most amount of people (this is its "extent"). Act and Rule Utilitarianism We can apply the principle of utility to either PARTICULAR ACTIONS or GENERAL RULES.