We will discuss the arguments that support and oppose the view that Wolsey dominated Henry and all policy. Recent historians argue that Wolsey’s role was more a partnership with the King. Henry may have been willing to give Wolsey space to make decisions when he was more worried about hunting and having fun. But the King always made the final decision on key issues. Henry was content to allow Wolsey to get on with mundane matters of domestic policy but when it came to more important matters of foreign policy or bigger domestic decisions the King was at the centre of decision making.
Namely Cromwell and Cranmer played important roles, and overall I agree with the view that the decisive influence in shaping the reformation was Thomas Cromwell due to his closeness to the king and willingness to entirely devote his time and resources into the reformation. The feeling in Source 7 is that Cromwell played an important role in swaying the mind of the king against the clergy, and into reformation. In his ‘supplication against the ordinaries’ Cromwell attacks the clergy saying they make laws without Henry, some of which “clash with the laws off your kingdom”. Here Cromwell might be referring to the law of preamunire, which forbade the following of a foreign law over that of the kings. His influence over the king on this matter could then be shown to have an effect where in the early 1530’s Henry went on to charge all the Clergy with preamunire, and threatened a few with death.
Assess the claim that Thomas Cromwell had carried out a ‘revolution’ in Tudor government by 1540. Thomas Cromwell is a significant man while being a historical element of Henry VIII’s reign. There has been a lot of historical controversy surrounding Thomas Cromwell and the question of him actually creating a revolution in government. The term ‘revolution’ means a forcible overthrow of a government or social order, in favour of a new system. Cromwell’s early life consisted of him entering Wolsey’s service in 1516 when he became a counsellor.
Explain why parliament passed the petition of rights (12 marks) At the start of the 1628 Parliament the Commons appeared willing to compromise with Charles, this was helped by Charles allowing Sir John cook, to communicate directly with MPs rather than doing it himself and cause even more unrest. Parliament, agreed to give Charles five subsidies if their grievances were addressed. Parliament however, became bitter with the revelation of Charles’ actions in relation to the five Knights case, where men were imprisoned without trial after opposing the forced loan. Charles claimed that the judgement in the Five Knights’ case had declared that he had the right to imprison people for ‘reasons of state’, what he considered to be for the safety of the kingdom. The Five Knights’ case judgement, however, was not a general right for Charles to imprison without showing good reason but only in that particular case.
He asked Pope Clement VII to announce that the king’s previous marriage to Catherine of Aragon was invalid. When Pope Clement refused, Henry contemplated splitting from the church solely to fulfill his matrimonial problems. His decision was then solidified by a desire to
King James Phase 1- 1603-1612 Ministers James’s key minister (above all favourites) was Robert Cecil, secretary of State since 1590, created Earl of Salisbury in 1605, appointed Lord Treasurer in 1608. He lost credibility with the failure of the Great Contract in 1610 and died in 1612, bringing the first phase of James’s rule to an end. Robert Carr came to court in 1607 and became James’s favourite. He had little political influence until the death of Salisbury Religion 1603- Puritans presented James with the Millenary Petition demanding change to the Church. 1604- Hampton Court Conference.
In this essay I will be talking about who was to blame for the civil war the king or parliament I shall give you four paragraphs 2 about the king and why he was to blame and 2 about parliament and why they were to blame and the last paragraph will be who I think is the person/people who caused that civil war. One way in which Charles was to blame for the civil war was because he believed in the divine rights of kings, which means that he was appointed from god so no-one on earth could challenge or share his power. This helped to cause the civil war because it meant that Charles felt that he didn’t need parliament. Charles believed in the divine rights of kings was less important than the parliament attempt to reduce his powers as king.
Possibly Henry VIII believed there had been some sympathy within the London Charterhouse for the prophecies of Elizabeth Barton, the Nun of Kent, who predicted that the King would not survive six months after divorcing Catherine of Aragon. Certainly, in the spring of 1534, some of the London Carthusians appeared reluctant to sign an oath under the Act of Succession, which asserted the invalidity of Henry’s first marriage and thus secured the royal succession to the children of Anne Boleyn. In April 1535, Henry decided that the Carthusians should be required to swear a further oath, recognising him as Supreme Head of the Church in England. However they declined saying that there was but one Catholic Church, with the Pope at its head. Several churchmen, including Thomas Cranmer, were inclined to be merciful, suggesting that the recalcitrant Carthusians might benefit from a course of theological instruction.
Why did Henry VIII break away from the Roman Catholic Church? In 1534 parliament passed a law which made Henry and not the pope, the head of the Church of England. This break with Rome is called the reformation. There were several reasons for this A long term cause was that for quite some time there had been a growing number of complaints about the Roman Catholic Church. Some of the main reasons Henry broke away from the Catholic Church were because of what he had heard about priests breaking rules.
[15] [16] King Henry VIII also reformed the clergy in particular the bishops’ position. He passed a law in 1536 that abolished the papal authority and said that no bishop has more authority over another. [17] King Henry VIII also had concern for