Chemical environment surrounding the carbons are different and therefore affecting the character of the hydrogens attached. This difference in chemical environment finally explains the different interaction between hydrogen and chlorine. Determination of percent yield, and relative reactivity data was processed after the products of the reaction were analyzed using Gas Chromatography. Percent yield was calculated for each isomer and determined to be; 5.94% for 1,1-dichlorobutane, 23.1% for 1,2-dichlorobutane, 47.1% for 1,3-dichlorobutane, and 23.9% for 1,4-dichlorobutane. The relative reactivity of the hydrogens H1, H2, H3 , and H4 were 0.37, 1.4, 2.9, and 1.0 respectively.
Athena Cochinamogulos Dr. Miller Organic Chemistry II October 23, 13 Title: Suzuki Palladium Cross-Coupling Reaction: Synthesis of 4-Acetyl-4-methyldiphenyl Abstract: In this experiment, the Suzuki Cross coupling reaction between 4-methylphenylboronic acid and 4-bromoacetophenone was utilized to prepare 1-(4’methyl-biphenyl-4-yl) ethanone. Purification through vacuum filtration was carried out and rotary evaporation was executed. The characterization of the purified product was determined by comparing its spectra and melting points to those presented in the literature. The melting point of the product was 58-70°C; which largely differs from the literature value suggesting impurities but the use of spectra data allowed for the determination of product and overall experimental successful. Reaction Equation: Introduction: An organic reaction of an aryl- or vinyl-boronic acid with an aryl- or vinyl-halide catalyzed by a palladium (0) complex or by a palladium nanomaterial-based catalyst describes the Suzuki reaction first reported by Miyaura, Yanagi, and Suzuki in 1981.
Introduction: The radical chlorination of chlorobutane results in the formation of four possible products. These products are formed by substitution reactions, where a halogen atom (chlorine) replaces a hydrogen atom (Wade 2010). The amount of each product formed is based on the relative reactivity of the product. The calculations of the relative reactivity are dependent on the reactivity of the hydrogen atoms, which is influenced by the chloro substituent as well as other factors such as the level of the substituted carbon and the bond dissociation energy. For this lab we want to observe how the chloro substituent has an effect on the reactivity of the possible hydrogen atoms.
It was then reacted with propanal to give the secondary alcohol, 4-methyl-3-heptanol. The mechanism is shown below. TLC analysis was carried out on the final product and both starting materials. An IR spectrum was obtained in the lab and a H NMR was provided for interpretation. The procedure was followed
Title: Bromination of (E) – Stilbene (Microscale Procedure) Author’s Name: Reinaldo George Professor: Elvis Barrett Date of Experiment: Thursday July 16th 2015 Institution: Nova Southeastern University Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to synthesize the second intermediate in the b series of Sequential Reactions by carrying out the bromination of (E)-stilbene to obtain meso-stilbene dibromide. This product is the precursor to diphenylacetylene, the next synthetic intermediate in the b series. A further purpose of this experiment is to demonstrate the stereospecific addition of bromine to alkenes. The percentage recovery was also calculated and recorded. On completion of this experiment; my lab partners and I were able to successfully synthesize the second intermediate in the b series of the
Since the carbonyl group of the ketone is trigonal planar molecule in its geometry it is able to be attacked from either side of the molecule by the hydride ion. Thus the alcohols that are formed produce a racemic mixture, which contains two enantiomers. The possible products which are formed from the reduction
Name: Melody Wong N8426066 Cation and Anion Reaction 1. Objectives Educational Aims * To learn how to set up a practical experiment * To compare experimental results with the theoretical results and explain any discrepancies. Experimental Aim * To examine the reaction between cations and anions 2. Theory A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. Chemical reactions occur whenever bonds are formed or broken between molecules.
In redox reaction, one element or compound is reduced and gains electrons, while on the other hand, the other element or compound is oxidized and loses electrons. For this lab, through the given oxidation and reduction numbers from balancing the equation and the electrons, it was shown that Manganese was reduced while Iron was oxidized. Also from the equation, the movement of electrons can be noticed, as it was added or subtracted from the substances. In order to balance an equation, there must be same number of elements on both sides, with the exception of hydrogen and oxygen. From there, in order to balance oxygen, water molecules are enumerated to the opposite of the equation/reaction.
The two extreme cases of chemical bonds are covalent bonds: bond in which one or more pairs of electrons are shared by two atoms. ionic bonds: in which one or more electrons from one atom are removed and attached to another atom, resulting in positive and negative ions which attract each other. Covalent chemical bonds involve the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms, in contrast to the transfer of electrons in ionic bonds. Such bonds lead to stable molecules if they share electrons in such a way as to create a noble gas configuration for each atom. Covalent bonds in which the sharing of the electron pair is unequal, with the electrons spending more time around the more nonmetallic atom, are called polar covalent bonds.
He suggested another way of looking at the reaction between H+ and OH- ions. In the Brønsted model, the OH- ion is the active species in this reaction (it accepts an H+ ion to form a covalent bond).