| | | An Activity Series 1/9/13 Makieya DunhamPartners: Jasmine Lewis and Danielle Anderson | | | Problem Statement: In this lab we determined the activity series for five metals and for three halogens. In the first part of the lab we used a microscale technique to rank the metals that reacted with the other metal nitrates from most reactive to least reactive. The metal that reacts with another metal nitrate, then the solid metal have reduced the other metal ion and is the more reactive metal of the two. In the second part of the lab we used the solvent extraction technique to derive an activity series for the halogens. Safety Precautions: When in the lab we wore goggles, an apron, and gloves the entire time.
Reaction Equation: Introduction: An organic reaction of an aryl- or vinyl-boronic acid with an aryl- or vinyl-halide catalyzed by a palladium (0) complex or by a palladium nanomaterial-based catalyst describes the Suzuki reaction first reported by Miyaura, Yanagi, and Suzuki in 1981. This reaction is an efficient methodology for the synthesis of sp2-sp2 carbon-carbon bonds. The Suzuki reaction is widely used to synthesize poly-olefins, styrenes, and substituted-biphenyls, and has been extended to incorporate alkyl bromides. The overall purpose of this experiment was to understand the requirements needed to facilitate a Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. In this reaction, the palladium reagent underwent oxidative addition where it gave up two electrons in order to bond to carbon and halogen during the formation and isomerization of a cis-organopalladium complex to the trans complex.
Since the carbonyl group of the ketone is trigonal planar molecule in its geometry it is able to be attacked from either side of the molecule by the hydride ion. Thus the alcohols that are formed produce a racemic mixture, which contains two enantiomers. The possible products which are formed from the reduction
Title: Org 2.12 – Synthesis Reactions with Carbonyl Compounds – The Grignard Reaction Introduction: Grignard reagents are very useful compounds in organic chemistry. They are named after the French chemist, Francois Auguste Victor Grignard. He discovered them in 1900 and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1912 for his work (1). Grignard reagents belong to the family of compounds known as organometallics – organic compounds that contain at least one carbon-metal bond in their structure (2). They are prepared by reacting magnesium turnings with an alkyl halide or an aryl halide, usually in ether solvent.
Using a measuring cylinder, add 50cm3 of 1.0mol dm-3 sulphuric(VI) acid to the thyme extract in the conical flask. 8. Titrate the solution in the conical flask with the potassium manganate(VII) solution until a pale pink colour persists for 10 seconds. 9. Repeat the titration until there are two titres within 0.1cm3 of each other.
Introduction: The radical chlorination of chlorobutane results in the formation of four possible products. These products are formed by substitution reactions, where a halogen atom (chlorine) replaces a hydrogen atom (Wade 2010). The amount of each product formed is based on the relative reactivity of the product. The calculations of the relative reactivity are dependent on the reactivity of the hydrogen atoms, which is influenced by the chloro substituent as well as other factors such as the level of the substituted carbon and the bond dissociation energy. For this lab we want to observe how the chloro substituent has an effect on the reactivity of the possible hydrogen atoms.
Hydrogens on the alkene have different reactivity which determines which isomer is favored. Hydrogens attached to carbons, and have a weak bond strength are most reactive therefore are favored during abstraction by chlorine. The chloro substituent has an effect on carbon reactivity due to the chlorine atom being an electron withdrawing substituent. The chlorine
For a single extraction, use a 50mL graduated cylinder and measure out 50mL of the benzoic acid solution into a 125mL separatory funnel. Add 10mL of methylene chloride (dichloromethane or CH2Cl2 for abbreviation which is the organic layer), the extracting solvent, to the funnel. Shake the funnel for thirty seconds pointing it away from the student and self. Release gas buildup by opening the stopcock of the separatory funnel. This is called the shaking and venting procedure.
So, those carbonyl group could be aliphatic or part of the aromatic ring because they share carbonyl group. In the reaction with 2,4 Dinitrophenylhydrazine, all of the 5 test tubes had positive results, both aldehyde and ketone had positive results, all of the test tubes had precipitates. During the Tollen’s Test, the aldehydes was oxidized and reduced silver ion to silver metal . So, the positive test results was aldehydes. In the Fehling’s test, only the aliphatic aldehyde had positive results which showed the red precipitate.In the Iodoform test, only methyl ketones had the yellow precipitates.The last time is Chromic Acid Test, only aldehydes could oxidized by chromic acid, and changed to green color.
Add 0.5 ml concentrated HCl and 1.0 ml 15% KI solution. Mixed exactly 1 minute and leave for 5 minutes in a dark place. Add 0.5 ml starch solution, 20 ml distilled water. Mix and titrate with sodium thiosufate solution. Calculate the exact normality of Na2S2O3 knowing that in this chemical reaction 1 gram-equivalent of K2Cr2O7 react with 1 gram-equivalent of Na2S2O3 (1 mole K2Cr2O7 react with 6 moles Na2S2O3).