Metamorphic alteration causes the texture and mineral composition to change. Recrystallization is the process of the formation of a new texture. Metamorphic rocks are usually classified as either regional or thermal. Regional metamorphic rocks are mostly formed by pressure instead of heat. Different types of rocks are created based on the amount of pressure.
At lower temperatures magma is viscous and as the temperature rises the material becomes less viscous and flows more easily. The higher the silicon oxygen content, the higher the viscosity. Silicon and oxygen combine and form strands, chains and sheets which also makes flow more difficult. The location of the volcano also plays a big role in how destructive it will be. At divergent plate boundaries you have high mafic temperatures and very thin crust so gases are unable to get trapped.
Igneous rocks can form in two environments that are very different. All igneous rocks came from magma. Changing from magma to rock the magma either freezes or crystallizes. When it cools fastly the crystals are small, but when it takes a long time to cool the crystals are large. Magma can complaetely crystallize into a crystal or even a diamond.
The actual speed of P and S seismic waves depends on the density and elastic properties of the rocks and soil through which they pass. In most earthquakes, the P waves are felt first. The effect is similar to a sonic boom that bumps and rattles windows. Some seconds later, the S waves arrive with their up-and-down and side-to-side motion, shaking the ground surface vertically and horizontally. This is the wave motion that is so damaging to structures.
The reason for the movement is convection currents originating in the core caused by radioactive decay. Knowing the theory of plate tectonics is a useful tool in understanding the distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes as they correlate very closely. If we map out the location of major earth quakes, location of active volcanoes and a map of general plat tectonic, the 3 would overlap. This gives us a general idea of locations and correlations. Each boundary between 2 plates have the capability of being a different type of boundary.
This rock supports the waterfall until enough less resistant rock is carved away then this falls into the river below and might cause hydraulic action. The softer or less resistant rock is limestone which is easily carved away by water extremely fast. This means that the High Force waterfall retreats back a lot faster than other waterfalls. This map shows the rock types of Durham. The red colour shows basalt or whin sill.
These processes are also known as cold working. In our lab, we showed how cold working will increase the strength of a metal material by inducing plastic deformation on a steel sample and an aluminum sample using an MTI tensile testing machine. INTRODUCTION Work Hardening Work hardening is defined as the phenomenon that occurs when a metal is strained beyond the yield point. Increasing stress is required to produce additional plastic deformation causing the metal to become stronger and more difficult to deform. If true stress is plotted against true strain, the rate of strain hardening tends to become almost uniform, that is, the curve becomes almost a straight line [2].
A hazard is a natural event that has the potential to effect both life and property. When looking at earthquakes there is one primary hazard which occurs and this is the shaking of the ground. In addition there are many secondary hazards such as landslides, fires, avalanches, liquefaction and tsunamis. There are many human factors to be discussed such as preparedness, development level, land use and education and many other contradicting factors such as the tectonic setting and the time of year. To show the view that the impact of earthquake hazards depends primarily on human factors, I will situate the essay around some seismic events that have previously occurred; Haiti in the Caribbean, 2010, Christchurch in New Zealand, 2011, Sichuan in China, 2008 and Indian Ocean, 2004.
The sun's light and heat are less concentrated at higher latitudes. In addition, at the equator the sunlight travels straight down through the atmosphere, but near the poles it travels through a thicker layer air where more of the light is reflected, absorbed, or scattered and less reaches the ground. This is why the equator is hot and the poles are cold. Because of the great quantity of heat delivered to the equator it is a zone of warm, rising air. It absorbs much water vapour from the oceans and land vegetation through evaporation.
Second, the process of the two natural events is different than each others. The volcano usually happens and forms near the plates boundaries of the ground. First, the crust is moving a little bit and causing melt because of decreasing the