The Pope ordered Bernard of Clairvaux (in France) to preach a second crusade to take it back and defeat Zangi. From beginning to end, though, this crusade was not successful. Most of Conrad's soldiers were killed as they marched through Turkey. Third Crusade 1187–1192:The Third Crusade was caused by the capture of Jerusalem in 1187 by Saladin, the sultan of Egypt. Saladin was the enemy of the English crusades.
Eventually the Islamic empire was weakened from civil war and political issues. Their growth was eventually stopped by the Christians in 1492. During the conquest of Syria and Palestine, the Muslims captured the rich Syrian trade center Damascus in 635, which became their capitol and the location of the caliphs. One year later Islam had took control of the Mediterranean coast reaching from Palestine to the Taurus Mountains. Islamic leaders decided not to advance any farther north, because they were opposed to climbing over the Taurus Mountains, and were intimidated by the military strength of the Byzantine that would be in the middle of the empire.
Also according to the High Middle Ages Chapter, the fourth crusade also added to the schism that existed between the Eastern and Western Churches. The crusaders sort of sell out to Alexius IV, who arranged to pay for their debts to the Doge in return that they attack Constantinople so that he may gain the throne. Pope Innocent III warned them not to attack Constantinople because they were fellow Christians. The crusaders advance Alexius IV to the throne, but he was later strangled by Alexius Ducas who also wanted the throne. The crusaders with the help of the Venetians rebelled and they sacked Constantinople for three days against the warnings from the pope.
From the late fourth century, the Church had consciously set out to destroy all knowledge that could distract people from devotion to god, thus ushering in the dark ages. Thus most important philosophical, medical, mathematical and scientific knowledge built up by the ancient Greeks and Romans had been lost to Europe forever. Some of the ancient Europe text had been retained by the arabs, who valued knowledge and expanded greatly on what had been preserved. Although Europe had been exposednto Islamic culture for centuries through contacts in Spain and Siciliy, much more Islamic thought was transferred to the west during the crusades. The need to raise, transport and supply large armies led to growth in trade throughout Europe.
Occurring predominantly in Europe and the Middle East, the Crusades began in 1095 and officially ended in 1291 (History.com staff, 2010). This being said, the causes can be traced back to 1081 when Alexius Comnenus gained the Byzantine throne, becoming Emperor Alexius I, after years of chaos and invasions by the Seljuk Turks (History.com staff, 2010). In due time Emperor Alexius would begin to set his sights on reclaiming the Holy Land from the Muslims. Seeing that this task would require more than the Byzantine’s men, he reached out to Pope Urban II of the Roman Catholic Church asking him for troops (History.com staff, 2010). The Pope made his decision public at the 1095 Council of Clermont in Southern France where he raised the proposal for all able Western Christians to raise arms to aid the Byzantines.
One of the major events that assisted the fall of the Holy Roman Empire was Thirty Years’ War. The event that started the Thirty Years’ War was “defenestration of Prague.” Two of Ferdinand’s officials were thrown out a window. The Lutherans violated the Peace of Augsburg by acquiring German Bishops, Calvinists converting princes, and Jesuits reconverting princes to Catholicism. The Calvinists and Catholics had many advantages because of that which made the Lutherans fear the Peace of Augsburg would be negatively impaired. The Lutheran Princes felt it necessary to create the Protestant Union and in retaliation the Catholics formed to Catholic League.
The weaknesses of social, economic, and political aspects during the Middle Ages are what ultimately lead countries in the time period to an unsuccessful existence. During the Middle Ages, there was social conflict and tension between countries, portions of countries, religious groups, and social classes. On a larger scale, a worldwide matter, the Crusades, was a result of competition arousing conflict. The Crusades had a huge impact on the Jews living in Jerusalem at the time, since outsiders were fighting over their homeland. A unique aspect of the Crusades that was not as prominent in the past was that the Crusades were not wars fought only between two sides; there were many players in the game of the Crusades.
He then began to spread the word of Christianity denouncing the common law of Rome. At the time, this would been an enormous nuisance for the Senate that governed the Roman Empire. If the citizens of the Empire were to open denounce the Roman law, then the Senate’s power would be useless. Thus, much time and resources were spent to control and maintain the empire: it had become too large. The rise of Christianity would have been a festering wound to the Senate that just wouldn’t go away but that they couldn’t ignore.
He then began to spread the word of Christianity denouncing the common law of Rome. At the time, this would been an enormous nuisance for the Senate that governed the Roman Empire. If the citizens of the Empire were to open denounce the Roman law, then the Senate’s power would be useless. Thus, much time and resources were spent to control and maintain the empire: it had become too large. The rise of Christianity would have been a festering wound to the Senate that just wouldn’t go away but that they couldn’t ignore.
Some of these creatures became passengers on merchant ships that sailed to Europe. This caused Europe to become infected with the deadly disease. Around 1348, the Black Death reached England and in a year it was all over the country. The people of the middle ages called it the pestilence and they had no idea what it was and how to treat it. People thought that it was a punishment from God.