Family background can effect a child's development by the family's values the culture and the way the child is encouraged and cared for all can effect the child development. The child environment can effect the development of the child e.g. Housing condition , opportunities for play and educational. Poverty and deprivation can affect the child's development because Lack of money can lead to poor nutrition and lack of opportunity and also lower expectations. Children and young people in the care system are more vulnerable,often due to the lack of stability and attachment disorder this can affect their emotional ,social and academic development.
They may not have developed and experienced independent social lives, access to transport and communication may be limited and placements may be too far away from close family support networks. Mental health problems – Young people with mental health problems may have experienced barriers to learning in an educational capacity during school. This barrier may prevent those gaining skills for jobs and further training leading to economic issues. Mental health problems could lead to social isolation and issues relating to integrating with other peers due to anxiety and depression. Deeper pathological issues may have rendered the young person in a care system where things have been done for the young person all the time; this may have produced an inability to learn independent living skills.
2.2 Any form of prejudice and discrimination can have a severe negative effect throughout a person’s life. Being undervalued by peers can make a person feel isolated and lonely. A child’s confidence and self esteem will become less and less the more they are discriminated against. They will start not wanting to be involved in activities, stop putting their hand up to ask questions. This in turn will affect their learning and ability to interact.
Cultural deprivation means when children are deprived from things what they need. This can include the lack of values and support they get from their parents, which can influence on socialisation skills. It can be argued that due to lack of family structure, social cultural and soft skills pupils are less likely to underachieve. Cultural deprivation is a theory that many working-class children are inadequately socialised and therefore lack the ‘right’ culture appropriate for a successful education. Many people argue that development is vital in the younger years in the child’s life, and the ability to solve problems and apply ideas help in the long-term.
As a result of this it becomes much more important to teach children to learn and value diversity. If children are subjected to prejudice, it can force them into a state of emotional and social tension resulting in lack of self-esteem, self confidence, feeling as though they are not accepted and unworthy. Children who lack confidence and cannot participate in activities with others are more likely to be unable to develop and maintain positive relationships with others. As a result their schoolwork may suffer, they may also become withdrawn and depressed. Prejudice and bigotry are learned at a very young age mainly from parents, other children and other institutions outside of the home environment.
Children who are not loved will find it difficult in the future to make long lasting friendships. Children will feel isolated and unhappy. It is important that children are loved and care for properly. A key economic factor that may influence development is unemployment. Parents who are on low income might have children wearing clothes that are too small for them.
This may different from society and such things as schooling or traveling in community. Poverty A family with a low income may have poor accommodation and there mental and physical state may be affected Housing and community Poor quality or cramped housing conditions can negatively affect a child’s development, some community’s allow their children to challenge anti-social behaviour and this may isolate families or encourage Educational environment If a setting does not meet the statutory requirements may affect a child’s development and potential. Offending or anti-social behaviour Such behaviour by parents may result in child being taking in care or our care. Health status Child may suffer kidney disease or asthma, their education or home life may need support Disability In poverty a child may be a carer instead of using support Health support If families are suffering the child may be affected income continuity of care and educational development. Addictions Child living with addicted adults will be affected their main care Bereavement and loss Losing a family member may affect the child’s emotional state and physical health Family expectations and encouragement Different types of parenting have a range of expectations
Material depravation is the lack of money and resources in the home. Sociologists who are ‘material depravation sociologists’ believe that the main cause of underachievement is lack of money and resources due to poverty. Overcrowding can lead to children not being able to study/ do homework, there may also be disturbed sleep, also, in a crowded household, children have a higher risk of accident. Families living in temporary housing will also be worse off as it means the child may have disrupted education. Howard (2001) noted that young people from poorer homes have lower intakes of energy, vitamins, and minerals.
However, this innocence means that children are seen as vulnerable and in need of protection from dangers of the adult world. Children’s lives, as a result of this, are lived largely in the confinement of the family and education, where adults provide for them. Similarly, unlike adults, children mainly lead lives of leisure and play and cannot partake in paid work. Cultural differences have an impact on people’s views of childhood. Ruth Benedict argued that children from Less Economically Developed Countries and non-industrial societies are treated differently from modern, Western children: they take responsibility from a younger age.
* Ethnic beliefs and customs. * Marginalisation and exclusion. Some children/young people experience problems to learning as a result of their ethnicity, social group, race or culture. Children/young people from lower social-economic backgrounds and/or specific ethnic and social groups are more likely to underachieve and this can sometimes lead to disaffection, marginalisation by others and in some cases, exclusion from the learning environment because of an inability to behave appropriately. CYP 3.7 (1.2) Explain the importance and impact of poverty on outcomes and life chances for children and young people.