Critically Assess William James' Arguments from Religious Experience

386 Words2 Pages
The argument from religious experience states that if we can experience God, then surely God must exist because what we experience must be real. There are many philosophers that try to explain this but the one I am going to focus on in this essay is William James. James defines religious experience as though it should be the primary topic in the study if religion rather than religious institutions, since institutions are merely the social descendent of genius. He also defines a religious experience as, 'The feelings, acts and experiences of individual men in their solitude, so far as they apprehend themselves to stand in relation to whatsoever they may consider divine.’ To James a prominent feature of religious experience is mysticism. He says, '...propose to you four marks which, when an experience has them, may justify us in calling it mystical...' The marks to which he is referring to are inefficiently, notices quality, transiency and passivity. An ineffable experience is one that cannot easily be explained, no adequate report of its contents can be given in words. Noetic means intellect. It is an experience that is not purely based on emotion, but one that provides an insight into religious truths which have universal or eternal significance. A transient experience short, and cannot be sustained for a long duration of time. The final type, passive, is an experience which the recipient has no control over. They are a ‘gift from God’ and leave one powerless. They can be accompanied by some sort of ‘spiritual gift’ such as speaking in tongues. James concluded that religious experiences are psychological phenomenas that occur in our brain and have both a physical and supernatural element to them. This conclusion was based on three principles. The first of these is empiricism. This is when we interpret religious experiences in the same way that we would
Open Document