a)Attitude: Belief/Feeling that predisposes one to act in certain way to objects, people, and events. b) Attitudes are well remembered and central to our self-concept, however, are more likely to lead to behavior, and measures of general attitudes do predict patterns of behavior over time. c) Attitudes can affect actions if attitude is specifically related to behavior, if the attitude are salient and if the outside influences are minimal. 2 .a) Describe Milgram’s experiments on obedience, and b) outline the conditions in which obedience was highest. a) Stanley Milgram designed a study that investigates the effects of authority on obedience.
Having Fun With Operational Definitions Adapted from teachpsychscience.org Directions: Identify and operationally define the independent and dependent variables in each of the following research ideas. Research Idea #1: A social psychologist was interested in whether people are more likely to exhibit conformity when they are in situations that make them feel nervous and unsure of themselves. What is the independent variable? How would you define it operationally? What is the dependent variable?
The cognitive aspect would stress on how Jake could react and process his triggers. They would explain his behavior, how he behaved and reacted to situations that triggered his anxieties. How does he problem solve, reason, etc. His anxiety was being caused by his thoughts, his fear of failure. It would stress that he needed to examine what he is feeling and how to use those feelings in a positive way.
Discuss two errors in attribution Attribution theory is concerned with how individuals interpret events and how this relates to their thinking and behaviour. The attribution theory relates to the concept that people try to make sense of their surroundings on the basis of what they think is the cause and what the effect of the situation. There are two attributions. When people attribute cause of other people’s behaviour to their internal characteristics, they make a dispositional attribution. The term disposition refers to somebody’s beliefs, attitudes, and personality.
For many, the need for approval and acknowledgement may exceed values of authentic identity. Human behaviors may change radically within group settings when individuals leave their own impressions.
By cause he means WHY something happens and by effect he means WHAT happens. There were two main ideas that he came up with which I actually found really interesting and it made a lot of sense. • When we are explaining the behaviours of others we look for something called internal attributions which is just something like personality traits. That means we could look for such traits as sad, jealousy, happy and so on. • When we are explaining our own behaviour we are more likely to make external attributions, for example environmental and situational.
Over time a stimulus may affect a segment of the population in such a dramatic way that they alter as a society their moral make. “The nature and structure of belief systems is important from the perspective of an informational theorist because beliefs are thought to provide the cognitive foundation of an attitude. In order to change an attitude, then, it is presumably necessary to modify the information on which that attitude rests. It is generally necessary, therefore, to change a person's beliefs, eliminate old beliefs or introduce new beliefs." (Richard Petty) The unfolding of time brings changes and transitions to societies.
Although positivists prefer taking objective social facts into account, it is evident that they are subjective in the source of data they will use, or are bound to use. Interactionalists, on the other hand consider that the reality of social behaviour is to be found when individuals interact and create their own social experiences. They seek meaning, and probe into the beliefs of individuals acting together in groups. Interactionalists use qualitative data. This data deals with the quality of human experience.
I. I will describe the meaning of attitude and behaviors. II. How do attitudes form? Attitudes are believed to be learned; sometimes attitudes could be rubbed from other people behaviors. III.
They observe the response individuals make to different situations or different conditions. Like behaviorist, cognitivists believe the environment has an impact upon a learner and what happens in one’s life. Lastly, they both hold that our experiences impact the way we learn. In conclusion, these two schools of psychology clearly have their differences and similarities. Behaviorism and cognitivism in my opinion are one of the most important schools of