Though the Mongolian expansion led to devastation in both Russia and China, Mongol rule had positive long-term effects on both civilizations that eventually supported their rise as political and economic powers in the 15th and 16th centuries. Under Mongol rule, the economies of both civilizations grew; however, they expanded for different reasons. Chinaâs economy flourished after the re-opening of the Silk Roads, while many of Russiaâs princes became wealthy because of their ability to manipulate their roles as tribute collectors. Politically, China and Russia were influenced in different manners. As a result of Mongol contact, China became unified whereas the trace amount of Russian unity disintegrated.
Although many nations did not like the letter, all countries to which it was sent, except Japan, had expressed approval at the ideas and goals that it espoused. Even though some of the ideas it presented were unpopular with the Imperialist nations, the Open Door Policy was a very event document in Chinese history. In the Open Door Notes, John Hay suggested indiscriminate taxation between nations. Hay defined indiscriminate taxation as not imposing taxes based on nationality. Many countries at the time had strong power in their
Many foreign invaders tried to conquer the empires of China for thousands of years, one of which was actually successful. The Mongols started invading parts of northern China during the Song Dynasty. The Mongols were especially focused on the success of trade and established safer trade routes for merchants to travel through. China always had trade routes for merchants to travel through and do business in, so the rulers of China overall didn’t drastically affect trade success until the later dynasties. Chinese rulers started to isolate themselves for other countries in order to stop westernization and promote their former cultures and traditions.
They isolated themselves from other countries; but after their imperialisms in the late 1800s, the countries went on different paths. China remained traditional and denied modernization and suffered because of it, while Japan emulated the imperial powers and became an imperial power themselves. Before the early 1700s and the late 1800s, China was a leading nation. China was fairly strong during earlier periods of history. It had a strong and peaceful government during the Qing Empire and imperial powers such as Britain and the U.S. were interested in Chinese goods.
Khan, in an attempt to make peace, sent envoys, or representatives, to talk with The Shah. The Shah responded by having their chief envoy killed and the beards of the others burned, and he sent them back to Khan. Khan, who protected enemy envoys and ambassadors, no matter what message they brought, retaliated and, in the spring of 1219, sent his armies westward. Khan had 100,000 to 125,000 horsemen along with engineers and doctors, many of which were Turkish allies, for a grand total of 150,000 to 200,000 men. His strategy was to frighten the townspeople into surrendering without battle or casualties.
Compare and Contrast- India & China Imperial Administration Thesis While both Han China & Gupta India had imperial administration there were some similarities and differences between the two civilizations. Similarities include, both of the civilizations flourished during this classical period of their history in various ways. Differences include, Han China had a bigger role in political theory than Gupta India. Unlike Han China, Gupta India did not place as much emphasis on political theory. The importance of politics in China can be shown because, in order to live a good life you need to be part of the society, politics in India did not develop because of the structures implanted in the caste system, (regional political units were often highlighted).
This was instrumental in gathering support. Sneevliet and Borodin essentially organised both parties, the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party, however the Kuomintang had significantly a much higher membership than the Chinese Communist Party did. Moreover, The Soviet Union’s cadre also helped form the ideas of the Chinese Communist Party’s leadership and were therefore, also instrumental at its formation. The Soviet Union gave back concessions to China however, this only furthered the cause of Communism than any propaganda. The Chinese people could relate to the anti-Empire element of communism which attracted more Chinese people to support the Soviet Union and allow them to help aid the country to defeat the warlords in China and the Soviet Union be-giving the government in league with the warlords.
As a result, books became less expensive, more people could afford them, more people learned to read and write, and helped to spread knowledge throughout China. The Mongols: They conquered all of China within 20 years. They didn’t let the old Chinese ruling class in government and kept their own language and customs. Kublai Khan, the Mongol’s leader used to welcome visitors from all over the world , one of them was Marco Polo who wrote about what he saw in Khan’s court, which caused trade between Europe and China to grow. Mongol rule in China came to an and when Chinese peasants led an uprising against the
He stopped anyone who wished to invade China and subsequently doubled the size of China. He also punished anyone who got in his way in the homeland. He murdered many confucian scholars to keep his popularity. His punishments were very harsh and led to unpopularity among everyone, similar to the tang punishment. (Doc # 3).
During this entire conflict, the European powers (Britain, France, Germany, Italy, and Russia) had carved up China and Africa into “spheres of influence” for themselves to keep. Although the US had just received many ports to trade with, it didn’t completely satisfy the American economy. So, naturally, the US wanted to be able to access these Asian ports, especially Hong Kong. Secretary of State John Hay dispatched his famous Open Door note, which urged the European nations to keep fair competition open to all nations willing and wanting to participate. This became the “Open Door Policy.” All the powers