Six state parliaments. Two territory parliaments. The members of parliament are elected by the people and must therefore represent the needs of the people if they wish to keep their seat in parliament. The elected members of parliament are also responsible to the parliament and the people for their actions. The Australian parliamentary system is based of the British Westminster system, which was adopted in the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900 (UK), known as the Commonwealth Constitution.
History 181 Professor:Doyle Student:Zhiyi Shen Date:6/20/2014 Revolutionary America In the late eighteen century, America had a great change and transformation in their politics and society. The relationship between British and American has shifted from then on. The 13 colonies had independence from British government, and write the Constitution to build their new politics, government, and diplomacy depended. The Constitution and such as Common Sense and the Declaration of independence were play a important part of the revolutionary America. The United States Constitution was the first constitution in the world.
Also, another experience was the Tamp Act, and the influences were taxation without representation. Lastly, the Articles of Confederation had a lot of influences. Such as no taxing power given to national government constitution and elected officials can create laws to collect Revenue. Also, no power to regulate commerce, and lastly no executive branch to enforce laws; but limited by checks and balances. Lastly, the Bill of Rights had a lot of amendments and all were important.
The Constitution needed fixing and there were multiple weaknesses and many were unsure that the constitution will hold all the states together. Tyranny is cruel, unreasonable or arbitrary use of power or control. The Constitution guarded against tyranny in four ways which were federalism, separation of powers, checks and balances, and the senate. The first guard against tyranny was federalism which is a political system that allows states united under a central government to maintain a measure of independence. Federalism is included in the Constitution by showing that powers were divided between the central government and the states.
It is happening because the powers of the prime minister are not well defined and mostly contained in unwritten conventions which are a mystery to most people. This means an individual prime minister like Thatcher or Blair can act in a presidential way without any constitutional controls. In the USA the written constitution states clearly what powers the president has and if he oversteps the mark the Supreme Court can step in. The British Supreme Court cannot do this because we do not have a codified constitution. This
3). The Australian Constitution divides power between two separate components of government, the federal element and corresponding state government. Within the federal element two chambers are created: the House of Representatives is the lower house and is where majorities form government, and the Senate is the upper house or house of review. The House of Representatives is modelled on the United Kingdom Westminster system specifically the House of Commons, while the Australian Senate structure has been adopted from the United States (Yencken, 2008, p. 116). The Constitution can only be changed following a referendum where the result is affirmative.
''The UK constitution is not fit for purpose'' The bulk of liberal democracies in the world are ones of which have a constitution known as codified. The UK does not have a codified constitution or an entrenched constitution. This puts the UK in a small group of liberal democracies to not have a codified system along side with Israel, Saudi Arabia and New Zealand. Instead the UK has a constitution that contains a variety of written and unwritten sources which lays out the laws, rules and conventions of how the UK is to be governed whilst protecting the rights of the citizens. It is a common question amongst political scientists as to whether the UK constitution is fit for purpose.
Of the Constitution, Alexander Hamilton, and the Art of the Sale The Constitution of the United States of America is often called the American Experiment by political powers outside our borders. From the time it was drafted it has been scrutinized by enemies as well as allies, each with their own political agenda on what it means to them both individually and collectively. Through the drafting of the Constitution the founding Fathers established a federal government that had more power over their sovereign states but cleverly policed itself from any one organized group within that federal body from gaining ultimate authority over all. This was accomplished by developing three branches of government to counter balance: Legislative, Executive
The UK has an unwritten constitution as there is no single authoritative document which establishes government regulations. There is a constitutional jigsaw of various sources, such as legislation, case law, Royal Prerogative and Constitutional conventions. These are the main sources of the UK constitution and so merit discussion. This can be contrasted to the USA which has a written constitution, setting out the fundamental laws. I argue that to some extent the UK has a flexible constitution, and Giussani’s statement is partly correct.
Federalism is the theory of government by which political power is divided between a national government and state government, each having their own area of substantive jurisdiction. Within US politics, this refers to the 2 layers of government designed to demonstrate national unity while accommodating for regional diversity. The theory of federalism in the USA represents ‘E Pluribus Unum’ and K.C Wheare describes the system as “The method of dividing powers so that the general and regional governments are each, within a sphere, co-ordinate and independent.” Despite the aims of federalism, there are a number of consequences. Firstly, there are legal consequences. Throughout the USA, there is a huge variety in state laws on such matters as the age at which people can marry, drive a car and have to attend school.